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🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Late Middle Kingdom (late 12th Dynasty c.1800 BCE) Amenemhat IV?/Sobekneferu? · 12th–13th Dynasty transitional late Middle Kingdom
Mazghuna South excavated by Petrie 1910 report Ernest Mackay 1911, unfinished late 12th structure with massive quartzite.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Cemetery
Final Neolithic (6000–4300 BCE El Nabta / Al Jerar) · Nabta pastoral Neolithic (Gebel Ramlah phase)
Ramlah excavated by Polish Combined Prehistoric Expedition 2009–, 5500 BCE jewels including 3000 beads per burial.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Old Kingdom (3rd Dynasty c.2670–2610 BCE Huni? or Sneferu provincial 7 small pyramids) · Old Kingdom provincial small pyramid (one of 7 provincial pyramids Huni/Sneferu)
El Kula small pyramid surveyed by Junker and Kaiser, one of 7 provincial step pyramids of Huni 3rd Dynasty.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
5th Dyna Unas? Lepsius XXIX; now identified as Menkauhor local 2390 BCE? · Old Kingdom 5th Dynasty possibly Menkauhor Kaiu
Headless Pyramid excavated by Hawass 2008, Menkauhor identification, substructure with portcullis.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Middle Kingdom Senusret II (1897–1878 BCE 12th Dynasty) · Middle Kingdom 12th Dynasty (Illahun)
El Lahun excavated by Petrie 1889–90, Kahun town papyri and Senusret II quartzite sarcophagus.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Ptolemaic (297–246 BCE Pharos 137 m; Royal Quarters Ptolemy I 323 BCE Antirhodos islet 300 × 70 m) + 1303/365 earthquake subsidence 8th c. · Ptolemaic Alexandria (Lochias, Antirhodos) with Pharos lighthouse debris 500 blocks
Alexandria submerged Empereur 1994 Qaitbay Pharos and Goddio 1996 Antirhodos palace island.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Rock art
Pastoral Neolithic (6000–1500 BCE) · Uweinat pastoralists (Garamantian ancestor?)
Uweinat documented by Frobenius 1933 and Menardi Noguera, 6000 BCE cattle pastoralists.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Early 4th Dynasty Sneferu (c.2620 BCE) Seila phase · Old Kingdom Sneferu
Seila excavated by Petrie and Swelim, Sneferu 4th Dynasty provincial 7 pyramids chain.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
13th Dynasty (c.1760 BCE Khendjer) · 13th Dynasty late Middle Kingdom
Khendjer excavated by Jequier 1929, twin quartzite-roofed vault, fragment 'kanopen?'
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Saite to Roman (550 BCE–50 BCE Thonis = Heracleion Greek; 8th c. BCE Canopic temple) sank 100–300 CE subsidence and liquefaction · Egyptian-Saite → Ptolemaic Thonis first port before Alexandria with Decree of Sais 380 BCE twin stelae (Rosetta precursor) and Amun of Gereb
Thonis Goddio 2000 rediscovery after10 m, temple Amun Gereb with Sais stele 380 BCE.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Rock art
Holocene humid (7000–3000 BCE rock art) · Gilf hunter-gatherers (pre-pastoral)
Wadi Sura excavated by Almásy 1933 and Kuper 2009–, 7000 BCE hands, Lacan 7000.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient port
Ptolemaic to WWII El Alamein (330 BCE Paraetonium to 1942 WWII Montgomery Rommel bastion) · Ptolemaic Paraetonium port → WWII British (Mersa Matruh fortress 1940–42)
Marsa Matruh Paraetonium and WWII bastion Rommel-Montgomery 1942 battle field.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Rock art
Early Holocene (7000–6000 BCE Beasts) · Gilf early Holocene cattle herders and hunters
Sura Beasts excavated by Kuper 2010, 7000 BCE 13k stencils Africa biggest.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Rock art
Early Holocene (8000–5000 BCE) hunter art · Gilf Holocene hunter
Wadi Hamra cave painted 7000 BCE hunters, Zerzura legend Almásy arch.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Late 12th Dynasty (c.1810 BCE) probable Amenemhat IV · 12th Dynasty
Mazghuna North surveyed by Mackay & Petrie 1910, twin to south.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
3rd Dynasty provincial Huni (c.2670 BCE) — northernmost provincial pyramid · Old Kingdom 3rd Dynasty
Zawiyet el-Meitin excavated by Leclant, northern provincial.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
3rd Dynasty Huni provincial (c.2670 BCE) Abydos province · Old Kingdom
Sinki Abydos surveyed by Petrie, intact 12 m.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
3rd Dynasty provincial variant (c.2670 BCE) · Old Kingdom
El-Ghonameya surveyed provincial cluster.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
3rd Dynasty Huni provincial (c. 2670 BCE) · Old Kingdom Naqada province marker
Naqada small pyramid listed by Kaiser.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
3rd Dynasty Huni provincial (c. 2670 BCE) · Old Kingdom 3rd Dynasty Huni
Ombos provincial surveyed by Kaiser.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Fortress
Roman (3rd c. CE) · Roman Egyptian desert limes
El Ar surveyed.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Roman · Roman / Egyptian / Greek
Instant Græco-Roman show-city founded by Hadrian Oct 130 CE for drowned Antinous. Hippodamian grid, tetrastyle gates, 3 km colonnaded cardo, circus and temple to Osiris-Antinous. Greek boule papyri.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient village
Old Kingdom to Roman · Egyptian
Cliff sanctuary with rock-cut Hathor/Nemesis chapel, pink limestone quarries supplying Amarna, and 12th Dyn rock-tombs of nomarch Wahka with nautical graffiti. Miners' camp and Roman road station.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Ptolemaic to Byzantine · Egyptian-Greek / Roman
Sister city to Heracleion, 1.7 km west on same dune-barrier, sacred to Osiris with temple of Serapis, submerged same event, excavated by Goddio with statuettes, jewellery and ritual vessels.
