🇮🇶 Iraq · Tell
Telul eth-Thalathat
Hassuna to Uruk (c.6000–3100 BCE; Halaf-Ubaid emphasis) · Hassuna → Halaf (Thalathat painted) → Ubaid → Uruk
Five-mound Halaf-Ubaid reference (6000–3100 BCE) on Wadi Khuzna south of Tel Afar.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Tell
Tepe Gawra
Ubaid to Middle Bronze (5000–1500 BCE; peak Chalcolithic 4500–3500 BCE) · Northern Ubaid → Gawran Chalcolithic → Uruk → Early Dynastic → Mitanni
Northern Ubaid–Uruk reference mound with 18 m Round House and 20-level sequence.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Ancient city
Umma (Tell Jokha)
Early Dynastic to Old Babylonian (c.2900–1700 BCE; peak Lagash–Umma border war 2500–2350 BCE) · Sumerian (Umma ensi dynasty) → Akkadian → Ur III → Isin-Larsa
Lagash's blood-enemy with Stele-of-Vultures war archive and 20,000 Ur III tablets of a date-palm oligarchy.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Ancient city
Uruk (Warka)
Neolithic to Sassanian (c.5000 BCE–632 CE; Uruk period city 4000–3100 BCE) · Sumerian / Babylonian / Persian
Type site for Uruk period and first true city (c.4000–3100 BCE), Uruk at peak 2900 BCE housed 50,000–80,000 inside 9.5 km city wall built by Gilgamesh (per Epic).
🇮🇶 Iraq · Tell
Yarim Tepe
Hassuna to Ubaid (c.5900–4300 BCE; Yarim multi-period) · Hassuna → Halaf → Ubaid (Yarim I–III)
Three-mound Hassuna-Halaf-Ubaid reference sequence (5900–4300 BCE) on Sinjar plain.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Pyramid
Ziggurat Mound of Tell Jokha (Umma — Shara Temple)
Early Dynastic to Ur III · Sumerian (Umma dynasty / Ur III province)
Shara temple ziggurat mound at Umma (Tell Jokha) — 60×45 m platform c.2500–2100 BCE, city-god Shara's E-mah towering over Umma–Lagash frontier.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Pyramid
Ziggurat of Assur (Qal'at Sherqat)
Old Akkadian to Middle Assyrian, c.2600–1200 BCE · Assyrian
Ziggurat of Assur at Qal'at Sherqat — holy city of Ashur, earliest Assyrian capital (c.2600–614 BCE, core Old Akkadian/Ur III, restored Shamshi-Adad I, Shalmaneser I).
🇮🇶 Iraq · Pyramid
Ziggurat of Borsippa (Biris Nimrud)
Old Babylonian to Neo-Babylonian (Hammurabi to Nebuchadnezzar II peak 605–562 BCE) · Babylonian (Borsippa)
Mighty 7-stage ziggurat dedicated to Nabu (god of writing, son of Marduk), rival to Babylon's Etemenanki as 'Temple that Exalts Nabu' E-zida.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Pyramid
Ziggurat of Dur-Kurigalzu (Aqar Quf)
Kassite (Middle Babylonian) c. 1375–1155 BCE · Kassite Babylonian
Kassite capital Dur-Kurigalzu built by Kurigalzu I (c. 1375 BCE): enormous ziggurat to Enlil, still 57 m high (originally ~69 m) with rope reinforcement layers (reed mats) visible, highest surviving…
🇮🇶 Iraq · Pyramid
Ziggurat of Eridu (Tell Abu Shahrain)
Ubaid to Ur III (5400–2112 BCE; ziggurat Ur III 2112–2000 BCE) · Sumerian (Eridu, Ubaid → Uruk → Ur III)
Tell at supposed first Sumerian city Eridu, sacred to water god Enki/Ea (Abzu). Eighteen superimposed mudbrick temples (Ubaid 5400–3800 BCE) culminating in Ur III ziggurat (~250 × 300 m enclosure, 3…
🇮🇶 Iraq · Pyramid
Ziggurat of Etemenanki (Tower of Babel)
Old Babylonian to Neo-Babylonian · Babylonian
Neo-Babylonian ziggurat of Marduk at Babylon — Etemenanki 'House of Heaven-Earth' — 91 m seven-stage prototype of Tower of Babel, rebuilt by Nebuchadnezzar II.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Pyramid
Ziggurat of Larsa
Old Babylonian / Isin-Larsa Period · Amorite Babylonian (Larsa)
Amorite ziggurat of sun-god Shamash at Larsa (Tell Senkerah) c.1950–1760 BCE: 70 × 40 m Ebabbara complex, capital of Isin-Larsa kingdom before Hammurabi.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Pyramid
Ziggurat of Nimrud (Kalhu)
Neo-Assyrian (883–612 BCE imperial capital; ziggurat 883 BCE) · Assyrian (Neo-Assyrian)
Assyrian imperial second capital Kalhu/Nimrud (Assurnasirpal II 883–859 BCE): mudbrick ziggurat crowning citadel mound adjacent to Northwest Palace with famous Nimrud ivories, throne room and lamassu.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Pyramid
Ziggurat of Nippur (E-kur)
Early Dynastic to Parthian (3000 BCE–250 CE; ziggurat Ur III – Kassite layers) · Sumerian → Old Babylonian → Kassite → Assyrian
Religious capital of Sumer: never politically capital but seat of Enlil, father of gods, whose temple E-kur (Mountain House) dominated canal holy city Nippur.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Pyramid
Ziggurat of Tell Bismaya (Adab — E-mah)
Early Dynastic to Ur III / Isin-Larsa · Sumerian
E-mah ziggurat of Ninhursag at Adab (Tell Bismaya) — 50 m square platform c.2600 BCE, place of the Indiana-Jones-associated Banks 1903–04 excavations.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Pyramid
Ziggurat of Tell al-Rimah (Qattara)
Old Babylonian to Mitanni · Amorite / Old Assyrian
Old Babylonian planned city ziggurat at Tell al-Rimah (Qattara/Karana) c.1800 BCE: 45×45 m Adad ziggurat on 130 m terrace, Sinjar plain encircled city.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Pyramid
Ziggurat of Ur
Ur III (Neo-Sumerian) 2112–2094 BCE core; Old Babylonian veneer · Sumerian (Ur III)
Best preserved neo-Sumerian ziggurat: three-stage mudbrick massif 62.5 × 43 m base, 30 m high (reconstructed), built by Ur-Nammu (2112–2095 BCE) and Shulgi for moon god Nanna (Sîn), with three…