🇳🇪 Niger · Ancient city
Azelik (Takadda)
Medieval (10th–16th c) · Tuareg / Songhai / Hausa copper miners
15-km 600-furnace copper metropolis visited by Ibn Battuta 1353 with Kufic mosque 20 m.
🇳🇪 Niger · Ancient city
Agadez & Takedda (Niger) – Air-Copper Oasis Twins
Late Medieval / Tuareg / Songhai · Tuareg (Kel Air) / Songhai tributary
Paired Saharan stations: Agadez (c.1400 Tuareg sultanate capital with 27 m mudbrick minaret) and medieval Takedda copper industrial estate (14th c, Ibn Battuta 1353: 'copper mine of Takadda') 150 km…
🇳🇪 Niger · Rock art
Dabous Giraffe Petroglyphs
Early Holocene Bubalus Period (8000–5000 BCE) · Early Holocene Saharan hunter-pastoralists (Bubalus tradition)
Aïr life-size 5.8-m giraffes with leashes 8000–5000 BCE, largest Saharan engravings.
🇳🇪 Niger · Ancient village
Gobero
Early to Middle Holocene (7700–2500 BCE) · Kiffian/AA foragers → Tenerian pastoralists
Gobero lakeside cemeteries tracking 5,000 years of Sahara greening and desertification.
🇳🇪 Niger · Ancient city
Azelik Takedda Copper Smelting Field (Takedda Azelik)
Medieval Trans-Saharan (10th–15th c. CE) · Tuareg / Songhai / Sanhaja
Copper-mining metropolis visited by Ibn Battuta (1353) with 200 mine shafts.
🇳🇪 Niger · Rock art
Djado Plateau Rock Art
Neolithic to Medieval (6000 BCE–1500 CE) · Saharan pastoralists / Libyco-Berber / Kanem
Djado Plateau is an isolated sandstone cuesta 1,000 m² in Ténéré with rock art 6000 BCE–1000 CE, engraved cattle, giraffe and Libyco-Berber inscriptions in shelters, plus ruined ksar Djado fortress…
🇳🇪 Niger · Ancient city
Teguidda-n-Tessoumt
Iron Age to Medieval (500 BCE–1600 CE) · Tuareg / Hausa / pre-Tuareg herders
Salt-production town with 3,500 clay pans from 500 BCE and iron horizon, twin of Azelik copper.