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🇹🇲 Turkmenistan · Ancient village
Jeitun Neolithic 6000–5000 BCE → Pessejik phase · Jeitun culture (Central Asian Neolithic)
Type-site for Neolithic Jeitun culture (c.6000–5000 BCE) in the Kopet Dag piedmont north of Ashgabat — 10 house settlement (0.8 ha) excavated 1952–62 by Vadim Masson, the earliest permanent farming…
🇹🇲 Turkmenistan · Ancient village
Geoksyur period (Namazga I–III) Chalcolithic–Early Bronze · Anau cultures (Jeitun→Geoksyur→Altyn)
Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age tell cluster (4500–3000 BCE) forming proto-urban oasis with 10 villages up to 10 ha each, the largest Namazga-period centre in Kopet Dag piedmont before BMAC.
🇹🇲 Turkmenistan · Ancient city
Parthian Arsacid 3rd c BCE–3rd c CE (peak 1st c BCE–1st c CE) · Parthian / Arsacid
Parthian ceremonial and administrative capital (3rd c BCE–3rd c CE) of two tells: Old Nisa (Mithridatkert fortress 14 ha with 43 towers, wine rhytons and ivory rhytons inscribed Arsacid) and New Nisa…
