🇹🇷 Turkey · Rock art
Jomon Rock Art — Central Anatolia Annex 386
Jomon · Jomon
Jomon rock-art at Central Anatolia.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Xanthos — Nereid Monument Terrace
Archaic Lycian (550–500 BCE) to Byzantine · Lycian (Xanthian dynasts) → Persian
Kınık Lycia excavated by Demargne 1950–, Harpy Tomb reliefs (British Museum) and bilingual Lycian-Greek stele.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Blaundos — Canyonside Acropolis Phrygia
Hellenistic to Byzantine (300 BCE–600 CE) · Hellenistic Macedonian foundation → Roman
Ulubey canyon city excavated by Turkish 2018–, Seleucid north gate intact, Demeter temple and canyon tombs.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Gusir Höyük — Early Settlement Lake Shore
PPN (9300–8500 BCE) · PPN (Upper Tigris)
Siirt mound excavated by Karul 2016–, PPN village with anthropomorphic stele, early wheat and ritual bench.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Arykanda — Cliff Terrace City Lycia
Hellenistic to Byzantine (300 BCE–600 CE) · Lycian → Roman
Lycian cliff city excavated by Bayburtluoğlu 1971–, tombs of Arykanda princes and basilica with mosaics.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Olba — Temple of Zeus on Cliff Acropolis
Hellenistic (300 BCE) · Olba Teukrid
Olba acropolis cliff excavated by Keil & Wilhelm 1910s, linked to Diokaisareia valley 4 km via aqueduct.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Ani Cathedral — Surb Astvatsatsin Domed Basilica Ghost City
Bagratid Ani (989–1001 architect Trdat, later Seljuk mosque 1071, Georgian 1124) · Armenian Bagratid kingdom of Ani (capital 961) — Trdat architect of Hagia Sophia repair
Ani cathedral UNESCO tentative 1996 ghost city 5000 m walls and 50 churches of Bagratid capital Ani.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Horomos Monastery — Ani Ghost City Rival South Canyon
Bagratid (10th c. Horomos main church St John 1038; Ani near) · Armenian Bagratid Ani kingdom (King Abas 930, Gagik I 989 Ani rival)
Horomos Ani 930, excavated by Marr 1904, 1038 Zhamatun 400 m from Ani walls cross gorge.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Submerged site
Uluburun Wreck — Late Bronze Age Royal Cargo Reef (Kolpos)
Late Bronze Age (c.1320 BCE) Palatial cargo ship 15–16 m · Canaanite (?) mixed Levantine-Mycenaean-Egyptian royal cargo with Uluburun copper/tin 10 t/1 t
Uluburun excavated by Bass & Pulak, 1300 BCE greatest bronze age cargo 10 t copper.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Submerged site
Yassi Ada — 4th Century Roman Wreck Reef
Late Roman/Byzantine (c.350 CE commercial vessel 21 m) · Late Roman merchant (4th c. CE Yassi Ada 350 CE; later 7th c. Byzantine wreck same reef)
Yassi Ada Bass 1960 pioneer underwater arch, roman 4th and 7th wrecks same reef.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Tekor Basilica — Early 5th Century Triple Basilica Shirak
Early Christian (5th c. c.478–480 CE inscription Prince Sahak Kamsarakan) · Early Armenian (Kamsarakan princes, pre-Bagratid, Sassanian period Armenian Christianity)
Tekor excavated by Thierry 1970s, 5th-c Armenian inscription 478 authentic.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Buried city
Earthwork Enclosure Buried 84 — Turkey Region 12
Period Classical · Regional culture Buried-Variant
Earthwork Enclosure Buried 84 — Turkey Region 12 in Turkey Region 12, Turkey is a Bronze Age buried-city with stratified deposits and regional significance. Excavations reveal architectural phasing.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Hattusa
Hittite Empire (Middle Bronze Age to Late Bronze) · Hittite
Capital of Hittite Empire (1600–1180 BCE) with double walls 8 km, Lion Gate, Sphinx Gate, Great Temple and rock sanctuary Yazılıkaya with 90+ reliefs of gods. Archives of 30,000 cuneiform tablets.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Megalith
Taş Tepeler Network – Karahan & Sefer Tepe etc.
PPN A/B 9600–8000 BCE · Taş Tepeler PPN
Umbrella for 12 PPN hilltop sanctuaries (Karahan, Göbekli, Sayburç, Çakmaktepe, Sefer Tepe etc.) being excavated 2019-present, revealing 250+ T-pillars region-wide, reshaping Neolithisation model.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Megalith
Karahan Tepe
Pre-Pottery Neolithic · Taş Tepeler PPN
Major Taş Tepeler sister site to Göbekli Tepe, ~15 ha with quarries, 266 T-pillars and special building with 11 pillars and phallic/human-head statuary. Reveals 12-site hilltop sanctuary network.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient village
Çatalhöyük
Neolithic to Chalcolithic (PPNB-derived) · Anatolian Neolithic (Catalhoyuk East/West)
Largest Neolithic proto-city (7500–5700 BCE) with 18 settlement levels, mud-brick houses entered via roofs, wall paintings, bull bucrania and earliest landscape painting. Population up to 8,000.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Underground city
Kaymaklı Underground City
Hittite to Byzantine · Phrygian / Byzantine
Second major Cappadocian underground city, 8 levels open to tourists, rolling doors, stables, wine storage, connected to Derinkuyu via tunnel.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Hydraulic works
Dara Anastasiopolis — Eastern Roman Cistern Complex
Anastasian Roman (505–530 CE) · Eastern Roman (Anastasius Justinian)
Tur-Abdin Roman city built to block Persian Nisibis, excavated by Keser 1986–, Procopius De Aedificiis description intact.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient village
Chatalhöyük West Mound detail (duplicate placeholder)
Chalcolithic · Chalcolithic Anatolia
Duplicate for completeness – see Çatalhöyük main entry; West Mound Chalcolithic extension (6000–5600 BCE).
🇹🇷 Turkey · Archaeological wonder
Black Sea Deluge Atlantis – Ryan–Pitman Noah–Atlantis Flood Hypothesis
Claimed 5600 BCE flood (gradual 9000–7000) · Neolithic / Oceanography
Ryan–Pitman 5600 BCE catastrophic Black Sea flood claimed Atlantis — cores show gradual 9000–7000
🇹🇷 Turkey · Submerged site
Cape Gelidonya — Early Iron Shipwreck Bronze Ingots Reef
Late Bronze Age (c.1200 BCE) earliest excavated wreck 1960 Bass (world's first underwater excavation) and 1500 BCE earlier layer · Late Bronze ?? Canaanite ? early Phoenician 1200 BCE scrap bronze wreck
Gelidonya Bass 1960 world's first underwater excavation.