🇮🇳 India · Hydraulic works
Kallanai Kollidam North Sluice Extension
Early Historic to Chola Medieval · Chola (Early and Medieval)
95-m north Kollidam offtake with 12 dovetail sluice bays saving delta from avulsion.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Rock art
Wadi Hammamat — Quarry and Rock Inscriptions
Predynastic to Roman (3000 BCE–400 CE) · Egyptian Pharaonic → Roman
Wadi Hammamat is the 80 km Nile–Red Sea desert wadi with sole greywacke (bekhen-stone) quarries for Egyptian sarcophagi since 3000 BCE and 2,500 rock inscriptions from Naqada III to Roman: Qadesh,…
🇵🇪 Peru · Pyramid
Huaca Montegrande (Jaén)
Late Preceramic–Initial Period 3000–2500 BCE · Marañón Amazon-Andes (Jaén pre-Carral)
5300-year spiral temple in Amazonian Jaén with world's oldest cacao 5300 BP and Maltese cross hearth.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Submerged site
Lithiam Harbour — North Cistern (Tunisia)
Bronze Age to Classical (2000 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze–Iron Age maritime
Lithiam Harbour — North Cistern (Tunisia) in Mahdia, Lithiam, Tunisia is a Bronze Age to Classical (2000 BCE–500 CE) submerged city attributed to Bronze–Ir…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Çadır Höyük
Chalcolithic to Byzantine (5200 BCE–1200 CE; peak Hittite and Phrygian) · Central Anatolian Chalcolithic → Hattian → Hittite → Phrygian → Roman
Yozgat tell with 5200 BCE-to-Byzantine sequence bridging central plateau and Hittite north.
🇮🇷 Iran · Tell
Chogha Golan
Pre-Pottery Neolithic to Chalcolithic (c.11700–3600 BCE) · PPNA → PPNB → Early Chalcolithic (Seimareh Neolithic)
Seimareh 10kyr Neolithic tell 8 m (c.11.7–3.6 ka, 12000 plant samples, pisé) near Seimareh valley.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Earthwork
Flag Fen Bronze Age Causeway
Bronze Age to Iron Age (~1500–300 BCE; causeway 1350–1150 BCE) · British Bronze Age (Deverel-Rimbury to Post-Deverel-Rimbury)
A 1-km line of 60,000 oak posts forming a causeway and platform across Flag Fen where Francis Pryor excavated systematic votive deposits: over 300 metalwork items deliberately broken (swords bent,…
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Thubursicum Numidicum (Khamissa)
Numidian to Byzantine (5th c BCE-7th c CE; peak 2nd-3rd c CE) · Numidian / Roman / Byzantine
Twin theatre city Khamissa.
🇫🇷 France · Rock art
Niaux Cave
Upper Paleolithic Magdalenian ~14–13 ka BP · Magdalenian hunter-gatherer
Magdalenian Salon Noir cave with 14 ka charcoal bison and ibex deep in the Ariège Pyrenees.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Patara
Bronze Age to Byzantine (peak Lycian League 168 BCE–43 CE and Hadrianic) · Lycian → Hellenistic → Roman → Byzantine
Lycian federal port with 1st-century parliament hall, buried Nero lighthouse and harbour silted 1 km inland.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Ancient village
Sukur Cultural Landscape
Late Medieval to Modern (16th–20th c. CE; iron 16th c.) · Marghi–Wandala (Chadic)
Sukur is a Mandara Mountains hilltop settlement at 1,045 m, UNESCO World Heritage 1999, with dry-stone terraced fields 1,000–3,045 ft, paved pathways, Hidi (chief) palace with megalithic granite…
🇮🇱 Israel · Archaeological wonder
Timna Valley Copper Mines
Chalcolithic to Iron Age (~4500 BCE – 800 BCE; peak New Kingdom Egyptian 14th–12th century BCE) · Egyptian New Kingdom, Midianite/Edomite and early Arabah nomadic
Three-sided sandstone valley north of Eilat where 10,000 shafts and 1.5 million tonnes of slag mark one of the world's earliest industrial landscapes.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Aspendos
Bronze Age to Byzantine (peak Antonine 2nd century CE) · Pamphylian Greek → Hellenistic → Roman → Byzantine → Seljuk
Pamphylian city with the world's most intact 15,000-seat Roman theatre (155 CE) and inverted-siphon aqueduct.
🇮🇷 Iran · Tell
Sang-e Chakhmaq
Neolithic–Transitional Chalcolithic (c.7500–4500 BCE) · Jeitun-related → Cheshmeh Ali (Northeast Iran Neolithic)
Shahroud two-mound Neolithic tell (c.7500–4500 BCE, West PPN timber, East painted, 1400 m) at Shahrud.
🇿🇦 South Africa · Rock shelter
Sibudu Cave — Middle Stone Age Rock Shelter
Middle Stone Age (77–38 ka) · Homo sapiens Still Bay–Howiesons Poort–Sibudan
Sibudu is the 55×18 m sandstone cliff shelter above Tongati River where Lyn Wadley found 77–38 ka MSA succession with earliest bow-and-arrow (64 ka quartz segments), earliest bedding (77 ka sedge…
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Sakka
Early Bronze Age III–IV (c.2600–2000 BCE) · Southern Syria EB (Ghouta palace culture)
Ghouta EB palace 8 ha (c.2600–2000 BCE, wall paintings, double enceinte) 18 km SE Damascus.
🇧🇴 Bolivia · Archaeological wonder
Lake Titicaca Underwater Offerings
Tiwanaku to Inca (~500–1532 CE; Inca reef 1400–1532 CE) · Tiwanaku and Inca
At 3,810 m – the world's highest navigable lake – divers from Atahuallpa 2000 and recent Belgian–Bolivian teams mapped an underwater reef off the Khoa beach of the Island of the Sun retaining Inca…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Van Fortress and Tushpa — Capital of Urartu
Urartian Kingdom (9th–6th century BCE; later Urartian–Median–Achaemenid–Ottoman) · Urartian (Biainili) → Median → Achaemenid → Ottoman
Urartu's 100 m limestone citadel over Lake Van with royal rock-tombs and Xerxes trilingual.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Aşıklı Höyük
Aceramic Neolithic (PPNB equivalent) · Central Anatolian Neolithic
Pre-Pottery Neolithic tell (c.8200–7400 BCE) on the Melendiz in Cappadocia, earliest village with brain surgery (trepanation) and animal pen dung layers showing caprine management toward…
🇮🇪 Ireland · Submerged site
Submerged Harbour of Newfield Well
Mississippian (800–1600 CE) · Mississippian
Submerged Harbour of Newfield Well in County Kerry, Ireland is a Mississippian (800–1600 CE) submerged city attributed to Mississippian culture.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Tell Mozan (Urkesh)
Early Bronze to Mitanni (Hurrian Urkesh) · Hurrian
Hurrian capital Urkesh (c.3000–1350 BCE) attributed to the god Kumarbi, with monumental Royal Palace of Tupkish (c.2250 BCE) and underground stone Abi (nekromanteion — pit to summon underworld…
🇱🇾 Libya · Rock art
Haua Fteah Cave
Middle Stone Age to Neolithic (200,000–6,000 BP) · Homo sapiens MS A/MSA/LSA; Oranian Dabban Capsian
Haua Fteah is a 50-m-wide by 20-m-high karst cave at foot of Jebel Akhdar escarpment, Cyrenaica's deep 14-m stratified sequence 200,000–10,000 BP, spanning Middle Stone Age Upper Palaeolithic…
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Emar
Bronze Age (c.2000–1187 BCE), peak Late Bronze 1500–1187 BCE · Amorite → Mittanian → Hittite viceregal
Euphrates LB city 10 ha (1200 tablets, Baal/Astarte twin temples) on Lake Assad shore.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Earthwork
Mustatils of Northwest Arabia
Late Neolithic (~5500–3500 BCE) · Neolithic Arabian pastoralist
More than 1,600 elongated rectangular courtyard monuments – Arabic mustatil – stitched across 200,000 km² of Saudi desert between the Nefud and Red Sea, rendered visible only by satellite.