🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Bandurria Archaeological Site (Huacho)
Late Archaic 3550–2500 BCE · Norte Chico (Caral)
Caral network city 54 ha 3550–2500 BCE, 10 plazas.
🇨🇳 China · Temple complex
Mogao Caves (Caves of the Thousand Buddhas)
Sixteen Kingdoms to Yuan 366–1368 CE (peak Tang 618–907) · Multi-ethnic Buddhist (Han, Tibetan, Uyghur, Sogdian)
492 temple caves on 1.7 km Mingsha cliff with 2,000 painted sculptures and 45,000 m² murals spanning 366–1368 CE (Sixteen Kingdoms to Yuan).
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Submerged site
Doggerland
Upper Palaeolithic to Mesolithic · Maglemosian / Mesolithic hunter-gatherers
Vast Mesolithic plain linking Britain to Europe (11000–5500 BCE) with river valleys, forests, hunting camps surveyed via seismic and cores; inundated by post-glacial rise and Storegga tsunami 6200…
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Heraion of Samos – Sacred Harbour Mole of the Samian Hera
Archaic to Roman (600 BCE – 5th c. CE) · Samian Greek / Ionian
Verified – Samos Heraion sacred mole 480 m at 2 m off Ireon, Hera sanctuary harbour. Polycrates 530 BCE mole, Herodotus 3.60 Samian harbour wonders. Excavated Kyrieleis 1960s German.
🇷🇸 Serbia · Ancient village
Belovode — Vinča Copper Settlement
Late Neolithic · Vinča
Vinča settlement at Belovode (c. 5400–4600 BCE) in eastern Serbia, with 80 ha scatter and early copper smelting furnaces (c.
🇵🇭 Philippines · Hydraulic works
Banaue Hydraulic Terraces North Cluster (Cambulo–Batad North Extension)
Ifugao post-Spanish intensive (Acabado) · Ifugao (Tuwali) terrace engineers
Northernmost Ifugao terrace hydraulic: 120 terraces over 280 m vertical fed by 2.4 km mountain contour canal.
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Qanat of Hasan Abad-e Moshir — Yazd Desert Water
Timurid to Safavid–Qajar (14th–19th c.), Sasanid precursor mythic · Yazdi Persian (Imam Reza pilgrimage route water, Zoroastrian Yazd water wisdom)
Yazd 45-km 70-m mother well qanat 150 L/s since Safavid, feeding Mehriz 800 ha pistachio under Shirkuh, UNESCO 550.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Hydraulic works
Khettara System of the Ziz–Tafilalet Oasis (Erfoud–Rissani Line)
Early Islamic to present (1,300-yr continuity) · Sijilmassa Hezran + Filali oasis communities
Tafilalet foggara line: 45 khettaras (0.8-6 km, 120-410 shafts) feeding Sijilmassa palm oasis since 8th c.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Akarçay Tepe
Pre-Pottery Neolithic B to Halaf (8500–5500 BCE) · PPNB–Halaf (8500–5500 BCE)
Pre-Pottery Neolithic B to Halaf (8500–5500 BCE) tell of PPNB–Halaf (8500–5500 BCE) in Şanlıurfa Province, Middle Euphrates (c.8500 BCE).
🇯🇴 Jordan · Tell
Hesban (Tell Hesban / Esbus)
Iron Age – Byzantine (1200 BCE–600 CE) · Moabite–Ammonite–Roman
Iron Age – Byzantine (1200 BCE–600 CE) tell of Moabite–Ammonite–Roman in Balqa Governorate, Madaba Plains (c.1200 BCE).
🇹🇷 Turkey · Hydraulic works
Menua (Semiramis / Shamiram) Canal (Van, Eastern Anatolia)
Iron Age (Urartian Kingdom) · Urartian
Urartian masterpiece (1,720 m, 38°30′37″N 43°21′58″E 38.5103,43.3661; also 38°29′39″N 43°22′48″E Van city) 56 km (35 mi) gravity canal plus aqueducts built by King Menua (r.
🇮🇱 Israel · Tell
Tell Beit Mirsim (Tell Beit Mirsin)
Early Bronze – Iron Age (3000–600 BCE) · Biblical Debir
Early Bronze – Iron Age (3000–600 BCE) tell of Biblical Debir in Southern District, Hebron Hills (c.3000 BCE).
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Dokki Gel
Kerma (1800–1500 BCE) to Napatan–Meroitic (1500 BCE–400 CE) · Sub-Saharan African coalition (southern) and Kerma/Egyptian
Sub-Saharan sacred city 400×200 m north of Kerma (1800 BCE–400 CE), African temple platforms 6–8 m high.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Kyllene-Glarentza – Frankish Medieval Harbour of Elis
Archaic Greek to Late Medieval (700 BCE – 1428 CE) · Greek / Elean / Frankish / Venetian
Crusader Glarentza mint-port (1205–1428) built atop Classical Kyllene trireme harbour — submerged moles at −5 m under north walls mapped by marine geophysics.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Girnavaz Höyük
Late Bronze to Iron Age (1600–600 BCE) · Mitanni → Assyrian
Late Bronze to Iron Age (1600–600 BCE) tell of Mitanni → Assyrian in Mardin Province, Nusaybin Plain (c.1600 BCE).
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Qanat-e Zarch – Longest Qanat in Iran
Achaemenid to present (2,500 years continuous) · Persian qanat engineers (Achaemenid, Sassanian, Safavid)
71-km Zarch qanat—longest gravity aquifer tunnel on Earth (500 BCE–Safavid).
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Rock art
Chilas Rock Inscriptions — Upper Indus
Maurya? Kharosthi to Islamic (300 BCE–1700 CE, peak Sogdian 5th–9th c. Silk Road) · Dardic Chilasi plus Indian, Persian, Sogdian, Chinese, Tibetan travelers (Silk Road)
30,000 inscriptions in 12 scripts 300 BCE–1700 CE on Indus granodiorite, Silk Road epigraphy archive threatened by Diamer dam.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Chuera (Chuera / Harab Sawwan) — Steinbau Sanctuary Terrace
Late Chalcolithic through Early Bronze IV (3500–2200 BCE) · Uruk → Early Dynastic Syrian city-state → EBA steppe city
Tell Chuera (Chuera / Harab Sawwan) — Steinbau Sanctuary Terrace is a multi-period tell/ancient village in Raqqa Governorate, Balikh–Euphrates steppe, Chuera plain, Syria — Steppe Early Bronze walled…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Euromos Temple of Zeus Lepsynos
Archaic to Roman (Carian to Imperial) · Carian, Hellenistic, Roman
Selimiye plain Corinthian Zeus Lepsynos 2nd CE with 16 standing columns, best in Anatolia, 12 km NW Milas.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Umm el-Marra (Umm el-Marra / Tuba) — Mortuary Complex
Early Bronze III through Middle Bronze II (2800–1700 BCE) with Neolithic substrate · EB Syrian → EB IV elite mortuary → Amorite MBA
Tell Umm el-Marra (Umm el-Marra / Tuba) — Mortuary Complex is a multi-period tell/ancient village in Aleppo Governorate, Jabbul plain, Umm el-Marra basin, Syria — Elite mortuary city with…
🇦🇺 Australia · Rock art
Gwion Gwion (Bradshaw) Rock Art — Kimberley
Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene (12 ka BCE – 7 ka BCE) · Pleistocene Kimberley Aboriginal groups (Wunambal, Balanggarra ancestors)
Kimberley 100,000 shelters tasselled Gwion warriors 12 ka–7 ka oldest Australian figures.
🇨🇱 Chile · Hydraulic works
Pica Oasis Socavones and Geoglyphs
Formative to Modern (Alto Ramírez to Colonial) · Tarapacá / Pica-Tarapacá / Hispanic oasis
Pica (1,350 m, 20°29′21″S 69°19′46″W) is the only living oasis of the Atacama with active filtration galleries (socavones) tapping the Pica Aquifer; study by Lictevout et al.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Avaris – Hyksos Harbour Capital at Tell el-Dab'a
Middle Kingdom to New Kingdom (1780–1100 BCE) · Egyptian / Hyksos Canaanite / Minoan / Ramesside
Hyksos capital 1650 BCE — Pelusiac harbour 500x300 m for 300 ships with Minoan bull-leaping fresco palace, silted 4 m.
🇨🇿 Czech Republic · Ancient city
Mikulčice-Valy Great Moravian Agglomeration
Early Middle Ages (6th c. settlement; Great Moravian 830–907) · Great Moravia (capital hypothesis)
Mikulčice-Valy Great Moravian Agglomeration in South Moravia, Hodonín District, Mikulčice, Morava floodplain, Czech Republic is a Early Middle Ages (6th c.