🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Myra and Andriake
Classical Lycian to Byzantine · Lycian → Hellenistic Greek → Roman → Byzantine
Lycian cliff-tomb metropolis of St Nicholas with river theatre and purple-dye port granary.
🇱🇧 Lebanon · Ancient city
Tyre
Bronze Age to Ottoman (c.2750 BCE–present; Phoenician peak 1100–332 BCE) · Phoenician / Persian / Hellenistic / Roman / Byzantine / Crusader
Phoenician island-city and legendary birthplace of Europa and Dido, Tyre dominated Mediterranean purple-dye trade.
🇮🇱 Israel · Tell
Tel Dor
Middle Bronze Age through Crusader (c.2000 BCE–640 CE); MB Canaanite → Phoenician (Siky) → Assyrian province → Persian–Hellenistic Phoenician Dor · MB Canaanite → Iron I Siky/Phoenician → Phoenician (Tyre) → Perso-Phoenician province → Hellenistic
Phoenician purple-dye port (c.2000 BCE–640 CE) — 20 ha Carmel headland tell with Iron I Wenamun harbour and mole (Stern).
🇮🇱 Israel · Ancient city
Ashkelon
Early Bronze to Crusader 1191 CE · Canaanite → Philistine → Phoenician → Roman
Five-period tells (Canaanite vaulted mudbrick gate — oldest arch in the world c.1850 BCE, 4 m high; Philistine emporium of titans with 15,000 sq m market; Phoenician Tyrian-purple, Greek, Roman,…