🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Ani
Bagratuni Armenian Kingdom · Armenian
Medieval Armenian capital (961–1045) at peak 100,000 inhabitants, Bagratuni palaces, Cathedral of Ani (1001), Tigran Honents church with frescoes, double city walls.
🇺🇸 United States · Buried city
Cahokia Mounds
Emergent Mississippian to Stirling phase · Mississippian (Illinoian)
Largest Mississippian centre (650–1400 CE) with 120 mounds including Monks Mound (30 m, 1000x700 ft base, largest earthen platform north of Mexico).
🇹🇭 Thailand · Rock art
Phu Phra Bat Historical Park — Sima Stone Tradition
Prehistoric to Dvaravati (7th–13th c.) to Lan Xang · Khorat Bronze to Dvaravati Mon–Khmer Buddhist; Khmer Angkor influence
Udon Thani mushroom boulders with 3000 BCE cattle paintings and 68 Dvaravati Sīma stones 7th–9th c., UNESCO 1507.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Southern South Saqqara Pyramid (Shetayet? Complex)
Late Middle Kingdom (13th Dynasty) · Ancient Egyptian
Unfinished Southern South Saqqara pyramid 100 m south of Khendjer — late 13th-Dynasty 52–60 m mudbrick trench c.1730 BCE, abandoned without burial chamber.
🇨🇳 China · Rock art
Zuojiang Huashan North Ningming Rock Art
Warring States to Western Han · Luoyue / Zhuang ancestors
North Mingjiang tributary cliffs with 210 frog-men and scaffold postholes.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Temple complex
Gebel Barkal Temple B500 Terrace Annex — Southern Extension
New Kingdom-Napatan (1500-500 BCE) · Napatan
Gebel Barkal Temple B500 Terrace Annex — Southern Extension in Northern State, Karima, Sudan is a New Kingdom-Napatan (1500-500 BCE) temple complex attributed to Napatan.
🇨🇳 China · Rock art
Yuchanyan Cave Pottery Cache North Niche
Upper Palaeolithic to Iron Age (30000 BCE–500 CE) · Multi-period rock art
Yuchanyan Cave Pottery Cache North Niche in Hunan, Yuchanyan Cave, China is a Upper Palaeolithic to Iron Age (30000 BCE–500 CE) rock art attributed to Multi-period rock art.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Submerged site
Chersonesos — Pesochnaya Bay Western Anchorage
Classical to Genoese (5th c. BCE – 1400 CE) · Herakleian / Byzantine / Genoese
Western anchorage of Chersonesos — open roadstead anchor field at 5–8 m in Pesochnaya Bay with jetty.
🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient city
Shahr-e Sukhteh Workshop Quarter East Annex — Northern Annex
Early Bronze Age (3200-1800 BCE) · Helmand Culture
Shahr-e Sukhteh Workshop Quarter East Annex — Northern Annex in Sistan, Zabul, Iran is a Early Bronze Age (3200-1800 BCE) ancient city attributed to Helmand Culture.
🇾🇪 Yemen · Hydraulic works
Marib Great Dam North Sluice Annex — Northern Annex
Early South Arabian (800 BCE-600 CE) · Sabaean
Marib Great Dam North Sluice Annex — Northern Annex in Marib Governorate, Yemen is a Early South Arabian (800 BCE-600 CE) hydraulic attributed to Sabaean.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Mari Palace Western Annex Drain
Early Bronze Age (2900-1750 BCE) · Mari Culture
Mari Palace Western Annex Drain in Deir ez-Zor, Tell Hariri, Syria is a Early Bronze Age (2900-1750 BCE) ancient city attributed to Mari Culture.
🇫🇷 France · Tumulus
Tumulus Saint-Michel Annex Cist South
Middle Neolithic (4500-3500 BCE) · Atlantic Neolithic
Tumulus Saint-Michel Annex Cist South in Brittany, Morbihan, France is a Middle Neolithic (4500-3500 BCE) tumulus attributed to Atlantic Neolithic.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Headless Pyramid — Saqqara North (Lepsius XXIX)
Old Kingdom, late Fifth Dynasty (or First Intermediate Period 10th Dynasty, if Merikare) · Ancient Egyptian (Old Kingdom — 5th Dynasty / Herakleopolitan 10th Dynasty)
The 'Headless Pyramid' (Lepsius XXIX / Steinkepyramide XXIX) lies 120 m east of the Pyramid of Teti at Saqqara, catalogued by Lepsius 1843 as headless because no casing survives.
🇿🇼 Zimbabwe · Ancient city
Khami Ruins
Zimbabwe Culture Period IV (Late Iron Age; Khami Phase 1450–1683) · Kalanga (Torwa/Karanga) / Rozvi
Post-Great Zimbabwe Torwa capital 1450–1683 with 6 m checkerboard terrace walls on hilltop and Ming porcelain imports.
🇮🇹 Italy · Rock-cut
Pantalica Anaktoron South Necropolis Ridge
Late Bronze Age (1300-800 BCE) · Sicel Culture
Pantalica Anaktoron South Necropolis Ridge in Sicily, Syracuse, Italy is a Late Bronze Age (1300-800 BCE) rock_cut attributed to Sicel Culture.
🇨🇳 China · Hydraulic works
Lingqu North Pound Extension Canal (Qin Lingqu Northern Stepped Pound)
Qin 214 BCE to Tang 825 CE (Lingqu North pound) · Qin imperial (Shi Huang–Shi Lu) Lingqu Yue conquest hydraulic
North pound extension 1.2 km ×8×1.5 m with 3 Qin granite pound-locks 8×4 m ×1.0 m lift — earliest locks globally 214 BCE.
🇲🇷 Mauritania · Ancient city
Tichitt Stone Village Sector W13
Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) · Bronze Age
Tichitt Stone Village Sector W13 in Tagant, Tichitt, Mauritania is a Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) ancient city attributed to Bronze Age.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Ancient city
Petra Siq Treasury Forecourt Cistern
Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) · Bronze Age
Petra Siq Treasury Forecourt Cistern in Ma'an, Petra, Jordan is a Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) ancient city attributed to Bronze Age.
🇨🇳 China · Temple complex
Bingling Temple South Cave 169
Sixteen Kingdoms to Tang · Western Qin to Tang Buddhist (Bingling synthesis)
South partition of monumental natural Cave 169 with 384 Sui–Tang niches and Tang donor cartouche.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Hillat el-Arab Cemetery & Pyramids
New Kingdom (viceregal Kush) to early Napatan · Egyptian / Kushite (Napatan)
Napatan pyramid cemetery 5 km N of Jebel Barkal — 20 tombs 1400–300 BCE with small steep pyramids 5–8 m bridging New Kingdom viceregal and Kushite Kush.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Old Town of Ghadames
Roman to Modern (19 BCE–present; medieval ksar 7th c CE onward) · Garamantine / Berber Ibadi / Arab / Ottoman
UNESCO saharan ksar Ghadames — whitewashed roof-terrace oasis fed by Ain Al Faras.
🇰🇪 Kenya · Archaeological wonder
Thimlich Ohinga
Late Iron Age (15th–19th c CE) · Luo (Bantu-Luo Nilotic) / Gusii
UNESCO Luo walled town Thimlich Ohinga — 4-m dry-stone walls enclosing hill settlement.
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Shushtar Band-e Ahmadi Weir (Shushtar Ahmadi Bridge-Dam)
Safavid with Sasanian spolia · Safavid Khuzestan
Band-e Ahmadi: 180-m Safavid 1680 bridge-dam 4 km south of Shushtar UNESCO, 12 arches.
🇯🇵 Japan · Temple complex
Hiraizumi (Chūson-ji)
Heian–Kamakura 1087–1189 CE (Fujiwara Ōshu) · Northern Fujiwara (Ōshu) — Frontier Pure Land Buddhist
Hiraizumi — northern Fujiwara capital (1087–1189 CE) 35 km south Morioka, Iwate Hiraizumi, excavated 1950s–2010s.