🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Headless Pyramid
Old Kingdom, 5th Dynasty, ~2422 BCE (or First Intermediate 10th Dynasty) · Ancient Egyptian
Headless Pyramid (Lepsius XXIX) east of Teti at Saqqara, c.2422 BCE Menkauhor?, 52.5 m base, rubble mound.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Pyramid of Ameny Qemau (South Saqqara)
Second Intermediate Period incipient / late Middle Kingdom · Ancient Egyptian
Early 13th-Dynasty quartzite-sarcophagus pyramid of Ameny Qemau at South Saqqara — 52 m base c.1793 BCE with intact monolithic sarcophagus and canopic chest.
🇹🇭 Thailand · Archaeological wonder
Nil Kham Haeng (Non Nok Tha? Actually Nil Kham Haeng Copper-Iron Transition)
Bronze (1100–600 BCE) → Iron Age transition 500 BCE–300 CE (Khao Wong Prachan Bridge) · Khao Wong Prachan Copper→Iron (Central Thai)
Copper→Iron transition industrial village (c.1100 BCE–300 CE) in the Khao Wong Prachan Valley near Lopburi adjacent to Non Pa Wai — 4 ha hill slope settlement plus smelting with rare continuous…
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Rock art
Tsagaan Salaa Central Panel
Upper Palaeolithic to Early Bronze · Palaeolithic Kalgutinsky, Afanasievo, Chemurchek, Okunev
Mid-valley of Tsagaan Salaa with Late Pleistocene bulls under Bronze elk on same boulders.
🇿🇦 South Africa · Cave
Blombos Cave M1 Still Bay Bifacial Layer
Upper Palaeolithic (35000–12000 BP) · Upper Palaeolithic
Blombos Cave M1 Still Bay Bifacial Layer in Western Cape, Blombos, South Africa is a Upper Palaeolithic (35000–12000 BP) cave attributed to Upper Palaeolithic.
🇨🇳 China · Rock art
Muztagh Ata Rock Glacier Petroglyph North Spur
Upper Palaeolithic to Iron Age (30000 BCE–500 CE) · Multi-period rock art
Muztagh Ata Rock Glacier Petroglyph North Spur in Xinjiang, Muztagh Ata, China is a Upper Palaeolithic to Iron Age (30000 BCE–500 CE) rock art attributed to Multi-period rock art.
🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan · Ancient city
Suyab (Ak-Beshim)
Western Turkic → Tang protectorate → Karluks/Qarakhanid 6–12 c. CE · Sogdian → Turkic Khaganate → Karluks (Silk Road Buddhist-Christian-Manichaean)
Sogdian–Turkic Silk Road capital (c.6–12 c. CE) at Ak-Beshim in the Chu Valley — 35 ha walled shahristan (650×560 m) with Buddhist temple complex (two temples 50×30 m with clay Buddhas), Nestorian…
🇱🇦 Laos · Ancient temple
Vat Phou (Vat Phou and Associated Settlements)
Chenla (5th–8th CE) → Khmer Angkor Wat (11th–13th) → Lao Buddhist (13th+) · Chenla Khmer (Hindu Shaiva) → Angkor Wat Khmer → Lan Xang Laotian Buddhist
Khmer Hindu–Buddhist temple complex and ancient city (c.5th–13th century CE, Chenla to Angkor Wat period) at Phou Khao foot near Mekong in Champasak, Laos — UNESCO World Heritage 'Vat Phou and…
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Megalith
Salkhityn Am Deer Stone Complex – Khovsgol
Late Bronze to Early Iron (Mongolian Late Bronze) · Deer Stone–Khirigsuur Culture
14 Classic deer stones (1400–700 BCE) — 4.2-m flight-deer stelae in Khovsgol valley.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Megalith
Taversoe Tuick Two Storey Annex — Western Terrace
Late Neolithic (3200-2500 BCE) · Orcadian Neolithic
Taversoe Tuick Two Storey Annex — Western Terrace in Orkney, Scotland, United Kingdom is a Late Neolithic (3200-2500 BCE) megalithic attributed to Orcadian Neolithic.
🇺🇸 United States · Ancient village
Mesa Verde Cliff Palace Tower House
Neolithic to Iron Age (6000 BCE–500 CE) · Neolithic
Mesa Verde Cliff Palace Tower House in Colorado, Mesa Verde, United States is a Neolithic to Iron Age (6000 BCE–500 CE) ancient village attributed to Neolithic.
🇻🇳 Vietnam · Rock art
Hoa Binh Cave Sites (Lang Gom)
Mesolithic Hoabinhian 12,000–7000 → Da But → Phung Nguyen 2000 BCE · Hoa Binh / Hoabinhian Mesolithic (Vietnam northern karst)
Hoa Binh (Hòa Bình) culture type-site — karst rockshelter caves (12,000–2000 BCE, Mesolithic–Neolithic) 70 km south Hanoi on Ma River limestone karst, excavated 1927 Colani (ÉFEO) and 1970s–2000s Ha…
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Zawyet el-Aryan Unfinished Pyramid North Trench
Old Kingdom (2686–2181 BCE) · Ancient Egyptian (Old Kingdom)
Zawyet el-Aryan Unfinished Pyramid North Trench in Giza, Zawyet el-Aryan, Egypt is a Old Kingdom (2686–2181 BCE) pyramid attributed to Ancient Egyptian (Old Kingdom).
🇵🇸 Palestine · Ancient city
Jericho Kenyon Trench Spiral Stair
Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) · Bronze Age
Jericho Kenyon Trench Spiral Stair in Jericho Governorate, Palestine is a Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) ancient city attributed to Bronze Age.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Layer Pyramid
Old Kingdom, 3rd Dynasty, ~2645 BCE · Ancient Egyptian
Unfinished layer pyramid of Khaba at Zawiyet el-Aryan (c.2645 BCE), 84 m base, accretion-layer technique.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Abu Rawash Pyramid A North Substructure
Old Kingdom (2686–2181 BCE) · Ancient Egyptian (Old Kingdom)
Abu Rawash Pyramid A North Substructure in Giza, Abu Rawash, Egypt is a Old Kingdom (2686–2181 BCE) pyramid attributed to Ancient Egyptian (Old Kingdom).
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Temple complex
Bamyan Buddhas
Late Buddhist Gandhara–Tokharistan 5th–10th c; Hun–Turk Shahi patronage · Gandhara–Sogdian Buddhist (Hindu Kush)
55 m and 38 m colossal Buddhas on Bamyan canyon (544–644 CE) — 1000 caves, oil murals, UNESCO 208.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Earthwork
Benin City Walls (Iya)
Early to Late Edo Kingdom (800–1897 CE; peak 13th–16th c) · Edo (Bini) / Igodomigodo → Kingdom of Benin
16,000 km of ramparts and 20 m high ditch-bank earthworks enclosing 6,500 km² – world's longest pre-mechanical earthwork.
🇿🇦 South Africa · Ancient city
Thulamela Stone Citadel Annex East
Late Medieval (1400-1700 CE) · Thulamela
Thulamela Stone Citadel Annex East in Limpopo, Kruger, South Africa is a Late Medieval (1400-1700 CE) ancient city attributed to Thulamela.
🇲🇱 Mali · Ancient city
Jenne-Jeno City Wall Northwest Bastion
Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) · Bronze Age
Jenne-Jeno City Wall Northwest Bastion in Mopti, Djenné, Mali is a Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) ancient city attributed to Bronze Age.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Qasr el-Sagha Temple — Fayum North
Middle Kingdom, late Twelfth Dynasty (c.1900 BCE, Fayum expansion period) · Ancient Egyptian (Middle Kingdom)
Qasr el-Sagha is the isolated, unfinished limestone temple on the barren plateau north of the Fayum depression, first described by Georg Schweinfurth 1884 and fully planned by German excavators.
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Ancient city
Afrasiab (Ancient Samarkand)
Sogdian 7th c BCE → Samanid 9th–10th c → Mongol 1220 CE · Sogdian Maracanda → Sasanian → Samanid Samarkand
Afrasiab — ancient Samarkand / Maracanda (7th c BCE–1220 CE) 3 km north Registan, excavated 1874–present by Vyatkin, Shishkina, Grenet.
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Ancient city
Koi Krylgan Kala
Kangju–Khorezmian 400 BCE–400 CE · Chorasmian (Khorezmian Iranian) with Zoroastrian
Enigmatic circular Khorezmian fortress-temple-observatory (c.400 BCE–400 CE) in Karakalpakstan, part of the Ellikqala (Fifty Fortresses) oasis — double-walled concentric circular citadel 87 m outer…
🇧🇿 Belize · Ancient city
Xunantunich
Preclassic 1000 BCE–1000 CE (El Castillo apogee 600–890 CE; top frieze 770–830) · Maya (Mopan Valley, rival of Naranjo and Buenavista del Cayo)
Hilltop Classic Maya center with spectacular El Castillo (40 m high pyramid with east stucco frieze 7.5 m long of 30 human figures, sun gods and jaguars) visible 8 km on Mopan River valley ridge;…