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🇾🇪 Yemen · Hydraulic works
Sabaean (900–500 BCE) · Sabaean
Sabaean retainer dam (9.5 m high, 220 m crest) on Wadi Khanas tributary 18 km northeast of Marib Dam (1,120 m), with 2.8 km rock-cut feeder canal to Marib north sluice extension.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Hydraulic works
Old Kingdom to Ptolemaic · Old–New Kingdom Pharaonic, Ptolemaic Greek Egyptian
2.1-km Pharaonic granite canal linking unfinished obelisk quarry to First Cataract Nile.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Hydraulic works
Early Abbasid (Harun al-Rashid–Al-Amin) · Abbasid (Zubaydah bint Ja'far patronage)
Ayn Zubaydah: 35-km Abbasid 809 CE spring aqueduct from Wadi Nu'man to Haram, Makkah.
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Sasanian to Safavid (500–1700 CE) · Sasanian–Islamic
Highland qanat chain at Deh-shir plain Mehriz County (1,450 m) with 18 km gallery from Shir Kuh massif (3,200 m) alluvial fan piedmont.
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Sasanian to Kakuyid (450 CE, repaired 1050 CE) · Sasanian Zagros (Eqlid terrace farmers)
Tang-e Boraq: 420-m Sasanian 450 CE cliff aqueduct in 85-m Zagros gorge, Eqlid 30.55N 52.32E.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Hydraulic works
Early Bronze Age IA · Proto-Jawa
1.8-km spate canal feeding 12-ha bunded fields north of Jawa town.
🇾🇪 Yemen · Hydraulic works
Hadramawt Kingdom (500 BCE–400 CE) · Hadrami
Hadrami spate diversion (8 m high, 180 m) on Wadi Jirdan west distributary 4 km upstream of Shabwa paleo-delta (720 m), with 3 km earthen bund canal and field system 120 ha still visible as ‘fossil’…
🇸🇾 Syria · Hydraulic works
Umayyad (Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik) · Umayyad steppe palace culture
Hayr Gharbi: 16-km Umayyad 727 CE limestone canal from Harbaka Dam to steppe palace 34.52N 38.12E.
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Sasanian (Shapur I–II) · Sasanian Persian
180-m Sasanian gravity dam (240–380 CE) on Minab tributary — 300,000 m³ for Minab palms.
🇾🇪 Yemen · Hydraulic works
Hadhrami Old South Arabian · Hadhramawt kingdom
220-m Hadhrami diversion dam (700 BCE–400 CE) on Wadi Jirdan tributary — Hadramawt palm irrigation.
🇾🇪 Yemen · Hydraulic works
Sabaean to Himyarite · Kingdom of Saba
210-m saddle subsidiary dam 4 km NE of Great Marib storing Jufaynah tributary.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Hydraulic works
Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) · Hydraulic culture
Hegra — Ancient Well North (Mada'in Salih, Saudi Arabia) in Al Madinah, Hegra, Saudi Arabia is a Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) hydraulic attr…
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Hydraulic works
Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) · Hydraulic culture
Mohenjo-daro — Great Bath Ancillary Drain in Sindh, Larkana, Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan is a Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) hydraulic attributed t…
🇪🇬 Egypt · Hydraulic works
Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) · Hydraulic culture
Fayum — Shaduf North Field Canal Ancillary (Fayum, Egypt) in Fayum, Fayum Depression, Egypt is a Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) hydraulic attr…
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) · Hydraulic culture
Shushtar — Ancient Bridge-Weir North (Khuzestan, Iran) in Khuzestan, Shushtar, Iran is a Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) hydraulic attributed t…
🇾🇪 Yemen · Hydraulic works
Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) · Hydraulic culture
Ma'rib — Ancient Dam North (Yemen, Sabaean) in Ma'rib, Ma'rib Dam North, Yemen is a Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) hydraulic attributed to Hyd…
🇮🇳 India · Hydraulic works
Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) · Hydraulic culture
Lothal — Dockyard Ancillary Wharf North in Gujarat, Ahmedabad, Lothal, India is a Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) hydraulic attributed to Hydra…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Hydraulic works
Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) · Hydraulic culture
Hasankeyf — Bridge Pier North (Tigris) in Batman, Hasankeyf, Turkey is a Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) hydraulic attributed to Hydraulic cult…
🇯🇴 Jordan · Hydraulic works
Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) · Hydraulic culture
Petra — Ad-Deir Ancillary Cistern Terrace in Ma'an, Petra, Ad-Deir, Jordan is a Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) hydraulic attributed to Hydraul…
🇱🇧 Lebanon · Hydraulic works
Andean Formative (1800–200 BCE) · Andean Formative
Hydraulic System at Bala Cairn in Bekaa Valley, Lebanon is a Andean Formative (1800–200 BCE) hydraulic attributed to Andean Formative culture.
🇱🇧 Lebanon · Hydraulic works
Nazca (100 BCE–800 CE) · Nazca
Hydraulic System at Scar Ridge in Bekaa Valley, Lebanon is a Nazca (100 BCE–800 CE) hydraulic attributed to Nazca culture.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Hydraulic works
Dynastic to Graeco-Roman (3000 BCE–300 CE) 800 inscriptions · Egyptian royal quarrying (bekhen stone)
Wadi Hammamat Central Quarry Road — Bekhen-stone Quarry in Red Sea Governorate, Egypt is a Dynastic to Graeco-Roman (3000 BCE–300 CE) 800 inscriptions hydraulic attributed to Egyptian royal quarrying…
🇵🇪 Peru · Hydraulic works
Wari to Late Horizon ~1200–1572 CE · Wari then Inca
Inca 12-terrace walled garden where spring water sings through 600-year-old stone drains.
🇺🇸 United States · Hydraulic works
Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) · Local Neolithic
Saka Kurgan Chain East in Great Plains, United States is a Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) hydraulic attributed to Local Neolithic culture.
