🇨🇱 Chile · Cave
Great Grotto
Ubaid (6500–3800 BCE) · Ubaid
Great Grotto in Coquimbo, Chile is a Ubaid (6500–3800 BCE) cave attributed to Ubaid culture.
🇵🇪 Peru · Fortress
Apurlec — Chimu-Cusco Wall Border Fort Motupillo
Chimú to Inca border (1200–1470 Chimú; 1470 Inca modified La Frontera) · Chimú → Inca Chimu-Inca frontier wall Motupillo (Pativilca analog)
Apurlec surveyed by Kosok, 10 km walls.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Shrum Mound
Early Woodland Adena to Early Hopewell transition · Adena
Adena conical mound (20 ft/6 m high, 100 ft/30 m diameter) preserved in Campbell Park, Columbus — one of few surviving mounds in Ohio's capital city.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Megalith
Gowk Hill Stone Circle
Late Neolithic – Early Bronze Age (2500–1500 BCE) · Recumbent Stone Circle builders
Gowk Hill stone circle on a ridge west of Insch, Aberdeenshire, an upland circle of eight granitic boulders enclosing a slight interior cairn, part of the Aberdeenshire recumbent circle concentration…
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Ancient city
Gobir (Al Kalawa) – Desert Capital Remains
Hausa–Gobir kingdom (c. 1450–1808 reform jihad; abandonment 1808) · Hausa-Gobir (king Bawa Jangwarzo, Yunfa vs Usman dan Fodio)
Final capital of animist Gobir kingdom at Al Kalawa, with 4.5 km desert mud walls and palace tell where Sultan Yunfa hosted then fought Usman dan Fodio before 1808 Sokoto jihad cap...
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Ancient city
Birnin Kebbi (Argungu) – Kebbi River Fort Town
Kebbi Kingdom (1515 Kebbi revolt from Songhai – 1808 Fulani) · Zarma–Hausa–Songhai (Kanta Kotal founder)
Rival capital to Songhai after Kebbi's 1515 revolt, Birnin Kebbi on Sokoto River with 5.8 km walls and citadel where Kanta's cavalry defeated Songhai at Surame aftermath; annual Ar...
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Ancient village
Surame Outlier Hillforts
Kebbi Empire (15th–18th c.) · Kebbi / Zamfarawa
Chain of 4 hilltop outlier forts with 1.5 km walls each protecting Surame fields.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Dholavira — North Gate West Flanking Tower (Kutch)
Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age urban
Dholavira — North Gate West Flanking Tower (Kutch) in Gujarat, Kutch, Dholavira, India is a Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) ancient city attribut…
🇪🇹 Ethiopia · Necropolis
Quay Qala Ben Necropolis
Andean Formative (1800–200 BCE) · Andean Formative
Quay Qala Ben Necropolis in Northern Tigray, Ethiopia is a Andean Formative (1800–200 BCE) necropolis attributed to Andean Formative culture.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Phagrou Wreck — Byzantine Smyrna Sea Defeat?
Byzantine (9th c. CE?) hypothetical Phagrou supposed · Byzantine
Phagrou provisional.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Barkal Pyramid Extension — Additional Napatan Small Pyramid 17 m
Napatan (700 BCE annex) · Napatan
Barkal annex surveyed.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Fortress
El Ar — Desert Fortress Wadi Terraces
Roman (3rd c. CE) · Roman Egyptian desert limes
El Ar surveyed.