🇪🇬 Egypt · Rock art
Gilf Kebir — Cave of Swimmers Annex Foggini-Mestekawi Cave
Holocene humid (7000–3000 BCE rock art) · Gilf hunter-gatherers (pre-pastoral)
Wadi Sura excavated by Almásy 1933 and Kuper 2009–, 7000 BCE hands, Lacan 7000.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Begrawiya West — Meroe Western Non-Royal Pyramid Cemetery
Meroitic post-royal (400 BCE–400 CE) nobles · Meroitic elite non-royals
Meroe West excavated by Wenig and Bradley 1990s, non-royal elite with Greek-Meroitic.
🇱🇾 Libya · Fortress
Barca — Medieval Islamic Fortified Citadel Plateau
Greek Barca 560 BCE → Byzantine → Arab Barca medieval capital 640–1150 CE · Greek Barca → Arab Barqah capital of Cyrenaica Emirate 640 CE
Barca surveyed Goodchild, Barca Greek to Arab.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Rock art
Wadi Sura — Cave of Beasts and Swimmers
Early Holocene (7000–6000 BCE Beasts) · Gilf early Holocene cattle herders and hunters
Sura Beasts excavated by Kuper 2010, 7000 BCE 13k stencils Africa biggest.
🇪🇸 Spain · Mine
Els Closos Mine — Balearic Copper Galleries Pre-Talayotic
Bronze Age (1600–1100 BCE navetas via copper mine) · Bronze Age Balearic copper mining 1600 BCE galleries
Closos mine copper 1600 BCE.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Ancient city
Gobir (Al Kalawa) – Desert Capital Remains
Hausa–Gobir kingdom (c. 1450–1808 reform jihad; abandonment 1808) · Hausa-Gobir (king Bawa Jangwarzo, Yunfa vs Usman dan Fodio)
Final capital of animist Gobir kingdom at Al Kalawa, with 4.5 km desert mud walls and palace tell where Sultan Yunfa hosted then fought Usman dan Fodio before 1808 Sokoto jihad cap...
🇯🇴 Jordan · Hydraulic works
Bir Alikhan East Qanat (Maan East Desert Qanat)
Nabataean to Roman (120 BCE–180 CE) · Nabataean Ma'an desert oasis then Roman Arabia Petraea
East Alikhan qanat 2.8 km 44 shafts 18 m mother: Nabataean 120 BCE vaulted subterranean with Roman 180 repair 8 L/s.
🇺🇸 United States · Tumulus
Kolomoki — Mound A North Ramp (Georgia)
Early Bronze Age to Iron Age (2500–500 BCE) · Hallstatt / Early Iron Age
Kolomoki — Mound A North Ramp (Georgia) in Georgia, Early County, Kolomoki, United States is a Early Bronze Age to Iron Age (2500–500 BCE) tumulus attribut…
🇫🇷 France · Megalith
Pierres Plates — South Cairn Passage (Locmariaquer)
Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age (3000–1800 BCE) · Late Neolithic Atlantic
Pierres Plates — South Cairn Passage (Locmariaquer) in Brittany, Morbihan, Locmariaquer, France is a Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age (3000–1800 BCE) meg…
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Fortified city
Kagara (Niger State) – Hill Fort Terraces
Niger–Benue hillfort tradition (c. 1300–1900 CE; peak 16th–18th c) · Gbagyi / Hausa (Kamberi hill peoples) / Fulani pressures
Inselberg hill fort above Kagara plain with laterite terraces 2 m high, boulder walls (2.1 km) and narrow cleft gates, iron smelting terraces and shrines of Gunnu hill peoples flee...
🇪🇬 Egypt · Hydraulic works
Bahr Yussef — Ancillary Regulator North (Fayum, Egypt)
Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) · Hydraulic culture
Bahr Yussef — Ancillary Regulator North (Fayum, Egypt) in Fayum, Bahr Yussef, Egypt is a Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) hydraulic attributed t…
🇪🇬 Egypt · Temple complex
Dendera — Mammisi North Column Crypt (Qena)
Old to Middle Kingdom (2700–1800 BCE) · Old–New Kingdom Egyptian
Dendera — Mammisi North Column Crypt (Qena) in Qena, Dendera, Mammisi, Egypt is a Old to Middle Kingdom (2700–1800 BCE) temple complex attributed to Old–Ne…
🇺🇸 United States · Fortress
Fort Ancient — North Embankment Gateway (Warren County)
Iron Age to Classical (700 BCE–300 CE) · Iron Age fortified culture; Hopewell
Fort Ancient — North Embankment Gateway (Warren County) in Ohio, Warren County, Fort Ancient, United States is a Iron Age to Classical (700 BCE–300 CE) for…
🇪🇬 Egypt · Temple complex
Wadi Natrun Monasteries — Desert Fathers
Coptic Late Antique to Present (330–860 CE foundation, continuous) · Coptic Orthodox (Desert Fathers) / Egyptian
Wadi Natrun (Scetis) is the 60 km depression -23 m below sea in Western Desert containing 4 surviving Coptic monasteries of 60 (4th c Desert Fathers): Saint Macarius (Deir Anba Maqar, 360 CE),…
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Earthwork
Earthworks of Ault
Late Bronze Age (1550–1050 BCE) · Late Bronze Age
Earthworks of Ault in Somerset, South West England, United Kingdom is a Late Bronze Age (1550–1050 BCE) earthwork attributed to Late Bronze Age culture.
🇬🇭 Ghana · Fortress
Christiansborg Castle — Osu Castle
Atlantic slave trade (1659–1850 Danish) · Danish / Norwegian / Ga / British
Christiansborg Castle (1659 Danish, 1661–1850 Danish–Norwegian slave fort) is on Osu rocky promontory Accra, now Presidential seat (until 2013) and museum.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Panel Qasr Ancient City
Ancestral Pueblo (900–1350 CE) · Ancestral Pueblo
Panel Qasr Ancient City in Aswan Governorate, Egypt is a Ancestral Pueblo (900–1350 CE) ancient city attributed to Ancestral Pueblo culture.
🇪🇹 Ethiopia · Hydraulic works
Hydraulic System at Earthwork Keld Stone
Yayoi (300 BCE–300 CE) · Yayoi
Hydraulic System at Earthwork Keld Stone in Northern Tigray, Ethiopia is a Yayoi (300 BCE–300 CE) hydraulic attributed to Yayoi culture.
🇰🇷 South Korea · Earthwork
Earthworks of Luma
Byzantine (330–1453 CE) · Byzantine
Earthworks of Luma in Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea is a Byzantine (330–1453 CE) earthwork attributed to Byzantine culture.
🇨🇾 Cyprus · Hydraulic works
Jala Aqueduct
Hellenistic (323–31 BCE) · Hellenistic
Jala Aqueduct in Paphos District, Cyprus is a Hellenistic (323–31 BCE) hydraulic attributed to Hellenistic culture.
🇮🇳 India · Archaeological wonder
Ditch-Newton Archaeological Complex
Ubaid (6500–3800 BCE) · Ubaid
Ditch-Newton Archaeological Complex in Madhya Pradesh, India is a Ubaid (6500–3800 BCE) archaeological wonder attributed to Ubaid culture.
🇻🇳 Vietnam · Hydraulic works
Hydraulic System at Eilean Thornby
Yayoi (300 BCE–300 CE) · Yayoi
Hydraulic System at Eilean Thornby in Quang Nam, Vietnam is a Yayoi (300 BCE–300 CE) hydraulic attributed to Yayoi culture.
🇧🇴 Bolivia · Hydraulic works
Reservoir of Broch Fen
Mississippian (800–1600 CE) · Mississippian
Reservoir of Broch Fen in Oruro, Bolivia is a Mississippian (800–1600 CE) hydraulic attributed to Mississippian culture.
🇱🇾 Libya · Hillfort
Red-Grey Hill Fort
Mississippian (800–1600 CE) · Mississippian
Red-Grey Hill Fort in Fezzan, Libya is a Mississippian (800–1600 CE) hillfort attributed to Mississippian culture.