🇺🇬 Uganda · Ancient city
Bigo bya Mugenyi
Late Iron Age (14th–16th c CE) · Bacwezi / Early Bantu / Bahima pastoralists
Katonga valley earthwork city Bigo bya Mugenyi — 10 km ditch enclosing Bacwezi state capital.
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9,978 places to sift through. Narrow by kind, country, period or how firmly each one is established — contested and pseudoarchaeological claims are labelled here, never hidden.
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Ancient city
Achaemenid–Kangju–Khorezmian 500 BCE–200 CE · Khorezmian (Chorasmian) Kalaly phase (Achaemenid frontier)
Khorezmian–Kangju frontier fortress (c.5–4 c. BCE, Achaemenid period) in the southern Kyzylkum at Kalaly-Gyr, Karakalpakstan — large rectangular fort 500×350 m with 12 bastions, associated with…
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Ilkhanid (14th c 1330 CE) upper completion · Ilkhanid–Safavid
Upper arch weir 2.2 km upstream of main Kurit arch dam (60 m high Ilkhanid arch, tallest pre-modern) in Tabas gorge (1,020 m), forming cascade: upper weir 12 m high 34 m crest, reservoir 45,000 m3…
🇻🇳 Vietnam · Ancient village
Pleistocene Son Vi / Hoabinhian c.10,000–6000 BCE · Son Vi → Hoabinhian (central Highland)
Central Highlands Son Vi (11,600 BP) — 11,500 m2 chopper settlement at Lung Leng, Kon Tum (Se San dam).
🇮🇱 Israel · Geoglyph
Late Neolithic to Chalcolithic · Timnian / Desert Chalcolithic
Negev Highlands kite cluster (480 m, 30°51′N 34°51′E) on makhtesh (crater) rim plateaux between Ramon (30°35′N 34°50′E) and Har Harif, extending the Israeli Negev kite province beyond the three known…
🇯🇵 Japan · Ancient village
Jomon Early 5000 BP → Late Jomon 3000 BP · Jomon San'in coastal — Tawayama Hamayu tradition
Tawayama Shell Midden — Jomon mid-to-late shell midden (5000–3000 BP) on Tawayama hill at Lake Koyama 5 km NW Tottori, San'in Sea of Japan coast, excavated 1980s–90s by Tottori University.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Numidian / Roman (Berber stronghold to late antique) · Numidian / Roman
Cliff-hanging Berber-Roman 'mini Delphi' on Guelaa plateau with stepped streets, bazina tombs and aqueducts.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Late Saka (post-Besshatyr royal) · Late Saka with Chinese contact
Besshatyr outlier M16: 48-m isolated mound 2.5 km NE with Balbal stela and Chinese mirror, 300 BCE.
🇺🇬 Uganda · Ancient city
Late Iron Age (14th–16th c CE) · Bacwezi / Early Bantu / Bahima pastoralists
Katonga valley earthwork city Bigo bya Mugenyi — 10 km ditch enclosing Bacwezi state capital.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Temple complex
Late Ptolemaic to Roman (1st–2nd c CE hall; full temple New Kingdom to Roman) · Egyptian (Ptolemaic-Roman Egyptian)
9 m below street level, surviving 24-column hypostyle hall 1st–2nd c CE of Khnum with astronomical ceiling and unique capitals.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Pyramid
Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age (3800–1900 BCE, Gumla–Gomal) · Gumla culture (Gomal plain, Tochi-Gomal)
Gumla Mound — Gomal Pakistan in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Dera Ismail Khan, Gomal plain (Gumla), Pakistan is a Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age (3800–1900 BCE, Gumla–Gomal) pyramid/mound site attributed to…
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Maurya 300 BCE → Sunga 187 BCE → Satavahana 50 BCE–230 CE → Vakataka 250–400 CE · Vidarbha Early Historic (Satavahana–Vakataka) with Mahabharata memory
Mahabharata Kundina trading city on Wardha (300 BCE–400 CE) — 1.5 km wall with Satavahana–Roman trade and carbonized rice.
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Ancient city
Kangju–Khorezmian 400 BCE–400 CE · Chorasmian (Khorezmian Iranian) with Zoroastrian
Enigmatic circular Khorezmian fortress-temple-observatory (c.400 BCE–400 CE) in Karakalpakstan, part of the Ellikqala (Fifty Fortresses) oasis — double-walled concentric circular citadel 87 m outer…
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Middle Woodland Hopewell (100 BCE–500 CE) · Hopewell (Marietta phase)
Hopewell ceremonial complex (100 BCE–500 CE) at confluence of Muskingum and Ohio Rivers, originally three enclosures: Capitolium Square (150×110 m terraced platform and graded way), Quadranaou double…
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Pyramid
Early Harappan to Mature Harappan transition (3000–2550 BCE) · Harappan (Nausharo I–III, Togau-Harappan)
Nausharo Mound — Bolan Kacchi in Balochistan, Kacchi Plain, 6 km from Mehrgarh (Bolantyp), Pakistan is a Early Harappan to Mature Harappan transition (3000–2550 BCE) pyramid/mound site attributed to…
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Vakataka (420–550 CE) with Mauryan–Satavahana precursor · Vakataka (Deccan Gupta-age)
Pravarapura—Vakataka capital (420 CE)—700×600 m fortified mound with grid plan on Dham River.
🇵🇪 Peru · Pyramid
Initial Period / Early Horizon (1700–800 BCE) · Nepeña Formative / Cupisnique–Chavín
Early Formative coastal pyramid-mound (1700–1200 BCE) predating Chavín, now incongruously dominated by 30-m-high adobera (adobe-brick) knoll built over U-shaped temple.
🇹🇭 Thailand · Submerged site
Dvaravati to Early Ayutthaya (c. 700–1400 CE) · Srivijaya / Dvaravati / Thai
Srivijayan moated port chain 8th–13th c. – brick wharves at –0.5 m under Songkhla lagoon paddy.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Ancient city
Early Dynastic to Parthian (c. 3000 BCE – 100 CE) · Sumerian / Akkadian / Babylonian / Neo-Babylonian / Achaemenid
Shamash sun-temple city whose Euphrates harbour lies 2 km off modern river – Sun God Tablet and Babylonian World Map findspot.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Late Chalcolithic Late Uruk (3800–3100 BCE) · Late Uruk (South Mesopotamian colony)
Tell Habuba Kabira South Mound is the 10-ha southern colony mound of Habuba Kabira — the largest Late Uruk urban transplant outside Sumer (22 ha gridded walled city).
🇦🇹 Austria · Megalith
Late Neolithic (Lengyel to Early Baden, c.3500–3300 BCE) · Lengyel late / Epilengyel–Baden
The Ziersdorf passage grave (Lengyel/Baden transition c.3500–3300 BCE) is Austria's most northerly megalithic tomb, a 5-m limestone chamber with 1.8-m passage within a 12-m round mound on the…
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Kurgan
Late Bronze to Early Iron (Khirigsuur / Deer Stone-Khirigsuur Complex) · Mongolian Late Bronze pastoral
Steppe-forest ecotone kurgan and deer-stone complex (1,580 m, 46°29′28″N 104°07′07″E 46.4912N 104.1186E Bayan-Öndör) bridging Mongolian Khirigsuur (Late Bronze 1300-700 BCE) and deer stone-khirigsuur…
🇪🇬 Egypt · Archaeological wonder
Old to Middle Kingdom (2350–1750 BCE; painted peak Twelfth Dynasty) · Ancient Egyptian
39 nomarch cliff tombs 2100–1750 BCE with Asiatic caravan 37 and wrestling 219 pairs proto-Doric.
🇳🇦 Namibia · Rock art
Later Stone Age to Recent (130 ka occupation; paintings 2000 BCE–1000 CE) · San hunter-gatherers (Damara area ancestors)
2,573 m inselberg with >1,000 rock shelters, including Maack 'White Lady' 2,000 BCE shaman panel and 45,000 individual paintings.
🇮🇱 Israel · Ancient city
Middle Bronze to Neo-Babylonian (c. 2000 – 603 BCE) · Canaanite / Philistine / Judahite / Assyrian / Babylonia
Philistine olive oil harbour industrial city – 115-press oil zone and Sorek canal basin 30 m at –1.5 m.
