🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Choquequirao — Inca Eagle Nest Ridge City
Inca Imperial (1420–1536 CE; Tupac Inca Yupanqui) · Inca (Topa Inca)
Choquequirao explored by Bingham 1909 and García 1993–, llama terraces unique, Apurímac canyon 1500 m drop.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Vilcabamba — Espíritu Pampa Lost Inca Capital
Neo-Inca State (1536–1572 CE) jungle capital · Inca Vilcabamba (Manco Inca)
Espíritu Pampa rediscovered by Savoy 1964, lost after 1572 Túpac Amaru execution by Toledo.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Vilcabamba — Espíritu Pampa (Last Capital of the Inca)
Wari → Inca → Neo-Inca 1200–1572 CE · Neo-Inca (Manco Inca)
Last Neo-Inca capital 1536–1572, 12 ha jungle city.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Huchuy Qosqo
Early Late Horizon 1420–1438 CE (pre-Pachacuti) · Inca (pre-imperial)
Wiraqocha's 3600 m royal estate above Sacred Valley with 40 m Kallanka, terraces and reservoir 23 m.
🇵🇪 Peru · Archaeological wonder
Machu Picchu
Late Horizon (Inca Imperial, ~1450–1530 CE) · Inca (Quechua)
15th-century Inca citadel perched at 2,430 m on a narrow saddle between Machu Picchu and Huayna Picchu peaks above the Urubamba Valley.
🇵🇪 Peru · Archaeological wonder
Písac (Písaq)
Late Horizon Inca Imperial 1440–1530 CE (built under Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui) · Inca (Quechua, Late Horizon, Sacred Valley expansion)
Inca royal estate and agricultural terraces considered among finest Inca ashlar engineering beyond Machu Picchu: Intihuatana (Sun-hitching stone) solstice-gnomon ridge, Qalla Q'asa fortress on…
🇵🇪 Peru · Temple complex
Raqchi — Temple of Wiracocha
Inca Late Horizon 1430–1532 CE · Inca (Tawantinsuyu)
Inca temple 92 m, 11 m wall, 152 qollqas, Wiracocha oracle.
🇵🇪 Peru · Archaeological wonder
Tipón Archaeological Park
Wari → Inca 1100–1480 CE · Wari → Inca
13 terraces 13 fountains laminar flow, Inca estate.
🇵🇪 Peru · Hydraulic works
Tipón Hydraulic Gardens
Wari to Late Horizon ~1200–1572 CE · Wari then Inca
Inca 12-terrace walled garden where spring water sings through 600-year-old stone drains.
🇵🇪 Peru · Hydraulic works
Harmika Dome Revetment West
Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) · Local Neolithic
Harmika Dome Revetment West in Cusco, Peru is a Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) hydraulic attributed to Local Neolithic culture.
🇵🇪 Peru · Temple complex
Petroglyph Panel East
Classical Antiquity (800 BCE–500 CE) · Classical
Petroglyph Panel East in Cusco, Peru is a Classical Antiquity (800 BCE–500 CE) temple complex attributed to Classical culture.
🇵🇪 Peru · Rock-cut
Pukara Sun Temple West
Early Bronze Age (3000–2000 BCE) · Classical
Pukara Sun Temple West in Cusco, Peru is a Early Bronze Age (3000–2000 BCE) rock_cut attributed to Classical culture.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Incahuasi de Lunahuaná (Cañete)
Late Horizon Inca Imperial (1480–1536 CE) · Inca (Topa Inca Yupanqui – Wanka campaign)
Planned Inca city founded by Topa Inca Yupanqui c.1480 to replicate Cusco as headquarters for conquering Guarco (Huarcu) kingdom of Cañete valley: full Qorikancha-like Temple of the Sun with…
🇵🇪 Peru · Megalith
Xochicalco Observatory Hill
Early Bronze Age (3000–2000 BCE) · Local Neolithic
Xochicalco Observatory Hill in Andean Highlands, Peru is a Early Bronze Age (3000–2000 BCE) megalithic attributed to Local Neolithic culture.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient village
Llactapata (Choquequirao Satellite)
Late Horizon 1450–1536 CE · Inca
Choquequirao solar outpost: doorway aligns solstice sunrise onto Choquequirao usnu 5 km across canyon.
🇵🇪 Peru · Archaeological wonder
Choquequirao — Northern Terrace Coriwayrachina Saddle Sector
Late Horizon Inca (c.1450 – 1572 CE) · Inca (Quechua) Pachacuti — Tupac Yupanqui
Choquequirao northern Coriwayrachina saddle — Inca terraces 4 m and quartz llama enclosures across saddle from central plaza.
🇵🇪 Peru · Buried city
Vilcabamba — Espíritu Pampa Vitcos Valley Submerged Sector (Concepción)
Late Horizon Neo-Inca (1539 – 1572 CE) · Neo-Inca State (Manco, Sayri, Titu Cusi, Tupac Amaru)
Last Inca capital valley floor — Espíritu Pampa Vilcabamba lowland terraces and causeway 0.5–1 m under floodplain jungle below Vitcos ridge.
🇵🇪 Peru · Necropolis
Markansaya
Late Intermediate–Inca · Colla–Kana (Altiplano Aymara) with Inca
Puna cliff necropolis (1100–1530 CE) near Espinar-Yauri at 3920 m K’ana altiplano, with rock-shelter chullpa adobe tombs under cliff, circular casas, Inca double-jamb niche, and 5-...
🇵🇪 Peru · Hydraulic works
Moray Agricultural Terraces
Late Horizon, Inca (~1300–1530 CE) · Inca
Three colossal natural depressions on the Maras plateau were amplified by Incas into concentric circular andenes up to 150 m across and 30 m deep, each terrace a microclimate ring with temperature…
🇵🇪 Peru · Archaeological wonder
Ollantaytambo
Inca Imperial 15th century; continued as Neo-Inca stronghold 1537–1572 · Inca
Inca royal estate and ceremonial center in Sacred Valley with unfinished Temple Hill featuring six massive pink rhyolite monoliths (Wall of Six Monoliths) and extensive terraces that doubled as…
🇵🇪 Peru · Rock art
Pukara Stone Enclosure
Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) · Bronze Age
Pukara Stone Enclosure in Andean Highlands, Peru is a Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) rock art attributed to Bronze Age culture.
🇵🇪 Peru · Hydraulic works
Qhapaq Ñan – Andean Road System
Inca Empire with antecedents Wari/Tiwanaku (~1000–1532 CE; Inca 1438–1532 CE) · Inca (with pre-Inca antecedents)
The backbone of Tawantinsuyu, Qhapaq Ñan runs 6,000 km along the Andean crest from Colombia to Chile, with east–west transversal roads totalling over 23,000 km.