🇮🇳 India · Rock-cut
Karla Caves
Hinayana Buddhist, Satavahana period 2nd c. BCE – 2nd c. CE · Buddhist (Theravada) merchants and Satavahana dynasty
India's largest Buddhist chaitya hall (45 m) with original timber ribs, 1st c. BCE–CE.
🇮🇳 India · Rock-cut
Ranigumpha — Khandagiri Rear Cave Cluster
Mauryan to Gupta (200 BCE–500 CE) · Jain (Kharavela)
Ranigumpha — Khandagiri Rear Cave Cluster in Odisha, India is a Mauryan to Gupta (200 BCE–500 CE) rock_cut attributed to Jain (Kharavela).
🇹🇷 Turkey · Rock-cut
Pinara — Rock Tombs Minaret Extension
Lycian (500 BCE–200 CE) · Lycian (Pinara)
Pinara — Rock Tombs Minaret Extension in Muğla Province, Turkey is a Lycian (500 BCE–200 CE) rock_cut attributed to Lycian (Pinara). Minaret village rock tombs 20+ pigeon-hole tombs.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Temple complex
Petra – Al-Khazneh & Ad-Deir Precincts
Nabataean 1st c BCE–1st c CE · Nabataean
Detailed precinct within Petra (already listed as city) – but as distinct temple elaboration: Al-Khazneh 40 m façade and Ad-Deir 50 m, both tombs-temples with Hellenistic façades.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Rock-cut
Ed-Deir, Petra
Nabataean kingdom
Ed-Deir (Arabic: الدير, lit. 'The Monastery'), also spelled el-Deir and ad-Deir/ad-Dayr, is a monumental building carved out of rock in the ancient city of Petra in southern Jordan.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Rock-cut
Al Ula Dedan Necropolis Lion Tomb Access Ridge — Western Terrace
Iron Age (900-100 BCE) · Lihyanite/Dedanite
Al Ula Dedan Necropolis Lion Tomb Access Ridge — Western Terrace in Al Ula, Medina, Saudi Arabia is a Iron Age (900-100 BCE) rock_cut attributed to Lihyanite/Dedanite.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Rock-cut
Al Ula Dedan Necropolis Lion Tomb Access Ridge — Eastern Outlier
Iron Age (900-100 BCE) · Lihyanite/Dedanite
Al Ula Dedan Necropolis Lion Tomb Access Ridge — Eastern Outlier in Al Ula, Medina, Saudi Arabia is a Iron Age (900-100 BCE) rock_cut attributed to Lihyanite/Dedanite.
🇮🇹 Italy · Rock-cut
Pantalica Anaktoron South Necropolis Ridge — Southern Extension
Late Bronze Age (1300-800 BCE) · Sicel Culture
Pantalica Anaktoron South Necropolis Ridge — Southern Extension in Sicily, Syracuse, Italy is a Late Bronze Age (1300-800 BCE) rock_cut attributed to Sicel Culture.
🇮🇹 Italy · Rock-cut
Pantalica Anaktoron South Necropolis Ridge — Western Terrace
Late Bronze Age (1300-800 BCE) · Sicel Culture
Pantalica Anaktoron South Necropolis Ridge — Western Terrace in Sicily, Syracuse, Italy is a Late Bronze Age (1300-800 BCE) rock_cut attributed to Sicel Culture.
🇪🇹 Ethiopia · Rock-cut
Lalibela Biete Qeddus Mercoreos Cliff Cell Annex — Western Terrace
Medieval (1100-1300 CE) · Zagwe
Lalibela Biete Qeddus Mercoreos Cliff Cell Annex — Western Terrace in Amhara, Lalibela, Ethiopia is a Medieval (1100-1300 CE) rock_cut attributed to Zagwe.
🇫🇷 France · Rock-cut
Hypogee des Crottes de Rouaix II — Eastern Outlier
Chalcolithic (3000-2300 BCE) · Chalcolithic
Hypogee des Crottes de Rouaix II — Eastern Outlier in Provence, Vaucluse, France is a Chalcolithic (3000-2300 BCE) rock_cut attributed to Chalcolithic.
🇫🇷 France · Rock-cut
Hypogee des Crottes de Rouaix II — Northern Annex
Chalcolithic (3000-2300 BCE) · Chalcolithic
Hypogee des Crottes de Rouaix II — Northern Annex in Provence, Vaucluse, France is a Chalcolithic (3000-2300 BCE) rock_cut attributed to Chalcolithic.
🇪🇹 Ethiopia · Rock-cut
Lalibela Biete Qeddus Mercoreos Cliff Cell Annex
Medieval (1100-1300 CE) · Zagwe
Lalibela Biete Qeddus Mercoreos Cliff Cell Annex in Amhara, Lalibela, Ethiopia is a Medieval (1100-1300 CE) rock_cut attributed to Zagwe.
🇫🇷 France · Rock-cut
Hypogee des Crottes de Rouaix II
Chalcolithic (3000-2300 BCE) · Chalcolithic
Hypogee des Crottes de Rouaix II in Provence, Vaucluse, France is a Chalcolithic (3000-2300 BCE) rock_cut attributed to Chalcolithic.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Maroneia – Submerged Wine Harbour of Thrace
Archaic to Roman (c. 600 BCE – 400 CE) · Chian Greek / Thracian / Persian / Hellenistic / Roman
Homeric wine port – rock-cut bollards and 30 m boulder mole at –2 m off Agios Charalambos beach.
🇮🇹 Italy · Megalith
Domus de Janas of Anghelu Ruju
Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age · Ozieri (San Michele) → Beaker → Bonnannaro → Nuragic
Largest Sardinian Domus de Janas necropolis — 38 rock-cut chamber tombs with bull-horn carvings, 4200-2600 BCE.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Rock-cut
Midas City (Yazılıkaya) — Buried Facade North (Phrygia)
Bronze to Iron Age (2000 BCE–300 CE) · Rock-cut tradition
Midas City (Yazılıkaya) — Buried Facade North (Phrygia) in Eskişehir, Yazılıkaya, Midas City, Turkey is a Bronze to Iron Age (2000 BCE–300 CE) rock_cut att…
🇮🇷 Iran · Rock-cut
Naqsh-e Rostam — North Tomb Facade (Pars, Achaemenid)
Bronze to Iron Age (2000 BCE–300 CE) · Rock-cut tradition
Naqsh-e Rostam — North Tomb Facade (Pars, Achaemenid) in Fars, Marvdasht, Naqsh-e Rostam, Iran is a Bronze to Iron Age (2000 BCE–300 CE) rock_cut attribute…
🇰🇭 Cambodia · Rock-cut
Rock-Cut Tombs of Baraka-High
Andean Formative (1800–200 BCE) · Andean Formative
Rock-Cut Tombs of Baraka-High in Preah Vihear, Cambodia is a Andean Formative (1800–200 BCE) rock_cut attributed to Andean Formative culture.
🇮🇳 India · Rock-cut
Badami — Cave 3 North Veranda Murals
Bronze to Iron Age (2000 BCE–300 CE) · Rock-cut tradition
Badami — Cave 3 North Veranda Murals in Karnataka, Bagalkot, Badami, India is a Bronze to Iron Age (2000 BCE–300 CE) rock_cut attributed to Rock-cut tradit…
🇮🇷 Iran · Rock-cut
Bisotun — Heracles Relief Ancillary Niche (Kermanshah)
Bronze to Iron Age (2000 BCE–300 CE) · Rock-cut tradition
Bisotun — Heracles Relief Ancillary Niche (Kermanshah) in Kermanshah, Bisotun, Iran is a Bronze to Iron Age (2000 BCE–300 CE) rock_cut attributed to Rock-c…
🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan · Rock-cut
Osh — Sulaiman-Too Cave Sanctuary Niche
Bronze to Iron Age (2000 BCE–300 CE) · Rock-cut tradition
Osh — Sulaiman-Too Cave Sanctuary Niche in Osh, Sulaiman-Too, Kyrgyzstan is a Bronze to Iron Age (2000 BCE–300 CE) rock_cut attributed to Rock-cut traditio…
🇪🇬 Egypt · Rock-cut
Deir el-Bersha — Nomarch Tomb Niche (Minya)
Bronze to Iron Age (2000 BCE–300 CE) · Rock-cut tradition
Deir el-Bersha — Nomarch Tomb Niche (Minya) in Minya, Deir el-Bersha, Egypt is a Bronze to Iron Age (2000 BCE–300 CE) rock_cut attributed to Rock-cut tradi…
🇪🇹 Ethiopia · Rock-cut
Lalibela — Bete Giyorgis Ancillary Drainage Channel
Bronze to Iron Age (2000 BCE–300 CE) · Rock-cut tradition
Lalibela — Bete Giyorgis Ancillary Drainage Channel in Amhara, Lalibela, Ethiopia is a Bronze to Iron Age (2000 BCE–300 CE) rock_cut attributed to Rock-cut…