🇳🇬 Nigeria · Earthwork
Paramonga Fortress Pyramid
Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age
Paramonga Fortress Pyramid in Nubia, Nigeria is a Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) earthwork attributed to Bronze Age culture.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Ramsgetragen? Actually Castabala — Hierapolis Castabala Temple
Hellenistic to Roman (300 BCE–200 CE) · Cilician–Seleucid
Ramsgetragen? Actually Castabala — Hierapolis Castabala Temple in Osmaniye Province, Turkey is a Hellenistic to Roman (300 BCE–200 CE) temple-complex attributed to Cilician–Seleucid.
🇮🇱 Israel · Tell
Tel Miqne-Ekron
MB to Iron Age (c.2000 BCE–700 BCE; Philistine Ekron 1200–604 BCE) · Canaanite → Philistine (Ekron) → Judah → Assyrian
Tel Miqne is Philistine Ekron, one of the Pentapolis (Ashdod, Ashkelon, Ekron, Gath, Gaza). Lower town 20 ha with 110 olive-oil installations (largest ancient o...
🇩🇿 Algeria · Fortress
Thubunae Outlier – Henchir Ksar Bou Saad
Roman to Byzantine (2nd–7th c. CE) · Roman (Numidia)
Outlier fortlet of Thubunae on Hodna rim with 6-tower enceinte.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Buried city
Watson Brake Mound — Veracruz (Veracruz)
Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) · Bronze Age
Watson Brake Mound in Veracruz, Mexico is a Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) buried city attributed to Bronze Age culture.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Ancient city
Well Shaft Fill East
Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) · Classical
Well Shaft Fill East in Dnieper, Ukraine is a Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) ancient city attributed to Classical culture.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Rock art
Xochipala Region — Olmec Figurine Caves
Formative (1000–500 BCE) & Classic (500–700 CE) Xochipala · Olmec / Mezcala
Xochipala Region — Olmec Figurine Caves in Guerrero, Mexico is a Formative (1000–500 BCE) & Classic (500–700 CE) Xochipala rock_art attributed to Olmec / Mezcala.
🇰🇭 Cambodia · Ancient city
Angkor Thom and the Bayon
Khmer Empire 1181–1243 CE (Bayon peak Jayavarman VII) · Khmer Mahayana Buddhist (with Shaiva syncretism)
Khmer capital city (late 12th century by Jayavarman VII) covering 9 km² walled square with Bayon state temple – 54 towers with 216 enigmatic smiling Avalokiteshvara faces blending Mahayana compassion…
🇮🇶 Iraq · Tell
Bad-tibira
Ubaid to Ur III (c.5000–2000 BCE; Sumerian King List antediluvian) · Ubaid → Uruk → Sumerian antediluvian → Ur III
Bad-tibira (Tell al-Madineh) is counted in Sumerian King List as the second antediluvian city (before Shuruppak), ruled by mythical Dumuzi. Surface 50-ha mound...
🇱🇾 Libya · Road station
Barca Road Station (El Marj – Ptolemais Waystation)
Greek to Byzantine (6th c. BCE–7th c. CE) · Greek (Cyrenean) / Roman
Inland mansio between Barca and Ptolemais with milestone cluster.
🇮🇳 India · Temple complex
Brihadeeswarar Temple of Gangaikonda Cholapuram
Chola c.1035 CE · Chola Hindu (Tamil)
Gangaikonda Cholapuram Brihadeeswarar (1035, Rajendra Chola I) – sister to Thanjavur: 55m vimana, concave curve vs Thanjavur's straight, 9m Nandi, Simhakeni tank.
🇮🇳 India · Temple complex
Chennakesava Temple Complex Belur
Hoysala 1117–1210 CE · Hoysala Vaishnava
Chennakesava (1117) – Hoysala Vishnu soapstone flagship commissioned by Vishnuvardhana after Talakad victory.
🇻🇳 Vietnam · Ancient village
Go O Chua
Neolithic transition to Bronze Age (c.2500–2000 BP, ~500 BCE) · Neolithic–Oc Eo transitional (pre-Funan)」「Go O Chua culture
Pre-Funan mound (500 BCE) on Vam Co Tay — cord pottery and earliest Vietnamese chordophones (music).
🇻🇳 Vietnam · Temple complex
Khuong My Three Towers — Quang Nam
Champa (9th–10th c. CE) · Cham (Indrapura phase)
Khuong My Three Towers — Quang Nam in Quang Nam Province, Vietnam is a Champa (9th–10th c. CE) temple-complex attributed to Cham (Indrapura phase).
🇮🇷 Iran · Pyramid
Maoling Mausoleum Mound East
Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) · Medieval
Maoling Mausoleum Mound East in Khuzestan, Iran is a Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) pyramid attributed to Medieval culture.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Rock art
Mogador Island Fort
Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) · Classical
Mogador Island Fort in Bayuda Desert, Sudan is a Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) rock art attributed to Classical culture.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Tumulus
Small Step Pyramid East — Cholula (Puebla)
Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) · Classical
Small Step Pyramid East in Cholula, Mexico is a Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) tumulus attributed to Classical culture.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Ajaja — Khabur Assyrian Canal City
Mittani to Assyrian (1500–600 BCE) Shadikanni · Mittani Shadikanni then Neo-Assyrian provincial
Tell Ajaja — Khabur Assyrian Canal City in Al-Hasakah Governorate, Syria is a Mittani to Assyrian (1500–600 BCE) Shadikanni tell attributed to Mittani Shadikanni then Neo-Assyrian provincial.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Wassu Quarry Outlier — Fezzan (Sebha)
Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) · Classical
Wassu Quarry Outlier in Fezzan, Libya is a Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) ancient city attributed to Classical culture.
🇿🇦 South Africa · Rock art
Wassu Quarry Outlier — Limpopo (Polokwane)
Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) · Classical
Wassu Quarry Outlier in Limpopo, South Africa is a Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) rock art attributed to Classical culture.
🇨🇳 China · Temple complex
Yungang Grottoes
Northern Wei 460–525 CE (Tanyao 460–465, later sinicized 471–524) · Xianbei Northern Wei Buddhist
45 major caves on 1-km sandstone cliff with 51,000 statues (460–524 CE) of Northern Wei before capital moved to Luoyang.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Amara West — Ramesside New Town
New Kingdom Ramesside (1300–1070 BCE) · Egyptian (Ramesses II / Seti I)
Amara West — Ramesside New Town in Northern State, Sudan is a New Kingdom Ramesside (1300–1070 BCE) ancient-city attributed to Egyptian (Ramesses II / Seti I).
🇮🇹 Italy · Rock-cut
Calaforno Hypogeum — Monterosso
Early Bronze Age (2200–1500 BCE) · Sicilian Castelluccio
Calaforno Hypogeum — Monterosso in Sicily, Italy is a Early Bronze Age (2200–1500 BCE) rock_cut attributed to Sicilian Castelluccio.
🇮🇳 India · Earthwork
Dehra Gopipur Terrace — Kangra Valley
Late Harappan to Early Historic (1900 BCE–300 BCE) · Late Harappan / Kangra early
Dehra Gopipur Terrace — Kangra Valley in Himachal Pradesh, India is a Late Harappan to Early Historic (1900 BCE–300 BCE) earthwork attributed to Late Harappan / Kangra early.