🇸🇾 Syria · Fortress
Arab al-Mulk
Arab al-Mulk (Arabic: عرب الملك, also spelled Arab al-Milk, Beldi al-Melek, Balda al-Milk or Beldeh) is a coastal village in northwestern Syria, administratively part of the Jableh District in the…
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Yalape Chachapoya Fortress
Late Intermediate – Late Horizon (900–1536 CE) · Chachapoya (Levanto) → Inca (mitma gate)
Hilltop Chachapoya fortress-village (900–1470 CE, Inca-enhanced 1470–1530) 26 km SW of Chachapoyas city: D-shaped 4 ha walled enclosure 3–5 m high following limestone ridge, enclosing 40+ circular…
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Fortress
Kafir-Kala
Hephthalite–Sogdian 5th–8th c CE → Samanid 9th–10th c · Sogdian Samarkand (Zarafshan) → Samanid
Kafir-Kala — Sogdian dihqan (landlord) fortress-palace (5th–8th c CE) 12 km SE Samarkand, Dargham canal, excavated 1970s–2000s Berdimuradov (Samarkand Institute).