🇪🇸 Spain · Rock art
La Pasiega Cave
Middle Paleolithic to Magdalenian ~64–11 ka BP · Neanderthal and later Solutrean/Magdalenian
Monte Castillo cave with 64 ka Neanderthal ladder motif and 700 parietal figures.
🇩🇰 Denmark · Hillfort
Nonnebakken Viking Ringfort (Odense)
Viking Age (c.980 CE) · Danish Viking Age
Viking ringfort beneath Odense's former castle at Nonnebakken (Nuns' Hill), 120 m diameter with 13 m wide turf rampart, discovered by C14 and magnetometry under Odinstårnet lot.
🇩🇰 Denmark · Hillfort
Aggersborg Viking Ringfort
Viking Age (c.980 CE) · Danish Viking Age
Largest Viking ring fortress (240 m outer diameter, 287 m with moat) on the Limfjord at Aggersborg, enclosing 48 longhouses (32 inside, 16 bailey) — garrison for ~1100 men.
🇩🇰 Denmark · Hillfort
Fyrkat Viking Ringfort
Viking Age (c.980 CE) · Danish Viking Age
Viking ringfort 120 m diameter near Hobro, North Jutland, contemporary with Trelleborg (Harald Bluetooth), with identical four-gate geometry and 16 houses plus a cemetery of 30 graves including wagon…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Underground city
Derinkuyu Underground City
Byzantine (with Hittite/Phrygian antecedents debated) · Byzantine Cappadocian / earlier Phrygian/Hittite use
Deepest excavated underground city in Cappadocia, connected to Kaymaklı and 200+ subterranean complexes via 8 km tunnel. Rolling stone doors 500 kg, ventilation shafts, chapels, wineries.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Buried city
Troy (Hisarlik)
Early Bronze Age to Byzantine (Troy I c.3000 BCE – Troy IX 85 CE–500 CE) · Anatolian / Mycenaean-associated / Greek / Roman
Mound of Hisarlik with 9 settlement layers Troy I–IX (3000 BCE–500 CE) plus Homeric epic city Troy VI/VII.