🇧🇩 Bangladesh · Temple complex
Jagaddala Mahavihara
Late Pala (1077–1161 CE) to Sena transition · Late Pala Vajrayana (Varendra)
Last great Pala mahavihara (1077–1200 CE)—110×100 m cruciform mound, Ramapala's revival, Tibetan-cited.
🇮🇳 India · Temple complex
Telhara Mahavihara
Gupta to Pala (400–1200 CE) · Gupta to Pala Buddhist (Magadha)
Xuanzang's Teladhaka—250×200 m mound, 5th–12th c continuous, 2009–14 ASI three-storey cells and Hevajra bronze.
🇮🇳 India · Temple complex
Vikramashila Mahavihara
Pala Period (750–1161 CE) · Pala Mahayana/Vajrayana Buddhist (Bengal)
Great Pala university (770–1200 CE)—330×330 m quadrangle, 208 cells, cruciform temple with 3-m Buddha.
🇧🇩 Bangladesh · Ancient city
Bhitargarh Fortified City
Gupta to Pala–Sena (450–1200 CE) · Gupta to Pala–Sena (Varendra)
Largest Bangladeshi walled city—120 ha, 4 concentric ramparts (6 km outer), 5th–12th c Gupta–Pala–Sena.
🇧🇩 Bangladesh · Temple complex
Sitakot Vihara
Pala Period (late, 900–1161 CE) · Late Pala Buddhist
Late Pala (900–1100 CE) quadrangle 65×65 m with 41 cells around reused Gupta shrine, Punarbhaba floodplain.
🇧🇩 Bangladesh · Temple complex
Paharpur (Somapura Mahavihara)
Pala Buddhist 8th–12th c CE · Pala Buddhist Mahayana–Vajrayana
Somapura Mahavihara at Paharpur — largest single Buddhist vihara south of Himalaya (27-acre cruciform complex) built c.781–820 CE by Dharmapala Pala on Barind alluvium. Excavated 1923–34 by D.R.
🇮🇳 India · Temple complex
Odantapuri Mahavihara
Pala Period (730–1161 CE) · Pala Mahayana/Vajrayana (Magadha)
First Pala mahavihara (730–1200 CE)—180×150 m hillock quadrangle, model for Samye (Tibet).
🇧🇩 Bangladesh · Temple complex
Halud Vihara
Pala Period (750–1161 CE) · Pala Buddhist (Mahayana/Vajrayana)
9th-c Pala cruciform brick vihara 70×70 m with 33 cells, Somapura-type, on Barind Tract near Paharpur.
🇧🇩 Bangladesh · Temple complex
Paharpur Satellite Vihara — Dhirkuta
Pala (8th c.) · Pala
Paharpur Satellite Vihara — Dhirkuta in Naogaon District, Paharpur plain, Bangladesh is a Pala (8th c.) temple complex attributed to Pala culture.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Nalanda Mahavihara
Gupta to Pala 427–1193 CE (peak 5th–12th c) · Bihar / Gupta-Pala Buddhist Mahayana
Iconic Buddhist residential university (5th–13th c CE) with Gupta to Pala brick viharas, stupas, chaityas and votive structures across 23 ha.