🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Tilmen Höyük
EB III to Byzantine · Yamhad/Amorite → Hittite → Neo-Assyrian → Byzantine
Old Babylonian Amanus-pass palace-fortress Tilmen with lion gate, archive and Yamhad vassal capital.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Norsuntepe
Chalcolithic–Iron Age (c.4000–800 BCE) · Ubaid → Early Transcaucasian → Hurrian → Hittite → Urartian hinterland
Keban rescue tell (Ubaid–Iron Age, 35 m high, EBA palace) now submerged under Lake Keban.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Uşaklı Höyük (candidate Zippalanda)
Early Bronze to Iron Age (3000–600 BCE; Hittite peak 1400–1200 BCE) · Hattian → Hittite → Phrygian
Zippalanda candidate — Hittite storm-god city with palace letters and queen's festival archive.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Beycesultan Höyük
Late Chalcolithic to Middle Bronze to Byzantine · Western Anatolian (Troy I prelude → Hittite Luwian)
Multi-period mega-tell (c.4000 BCE Late Chalcolithic to 1200 BCE Byzantine, peak EBA–MBA) dominating Çivril Plain on Meander headwaters, excavated 1954–59 by Seton Lloyd & James Mellaart then 2007–…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Arslantepe (Malatya)
Late Chalcolithic to Neo-Hittite (5000 BCE–700 BCE; palace phase 3400–3000 BCE; Neo-Hittite 1200–712 BCE) · Late Chalcolithic / Kura-Araxes / Hittite / Neo-Hittite
Tell city type site for emergence of state and palace economy (3400–3000 BCE): Late Chalcolithic palace (Room A 900) with wall paintings, storerooms with mass-produced bowls, sword hoard (earliest…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Girnavaz
Early Bronze Age to Iron Age (c.3000–600 BCE) · Hurrian → Mittanian → Neo-Assyrian
Nusaybin palatial tell 13 m high (Mitanni–Assyrian palace, Nuzi ware, tablets) on Tigris watershed.