🇳🇪 Niger · Rock art
Dabous Giraffe Petroglyphs
Early Holocene Bubalus Period (8000–5000 BCE) · Early Holocene Saharan hunter-pastoralists (Bubalus tradition)
Aïr life-size 5.8-m giraffes with leashes 8000–5000 BCE, largest Saharan engravings.
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Tagssahara
11 places carry this tag, across every kind and continent it appears in.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Rock art
Epipalaeolithic to Neolithic (Holocene humid A, B) · Gilf Kebir Holocene hunter-herders (pre-pastoral)
7,000 BCE Gilf Kebir painted shelters—8,000 hand stencils, 'swimmers' and therianthropic beasts in hyper-arid heart of Sahara.
🇱🇾 Libya · Rock art
Holocene Pastoral (Neolithic to Iron Age) · Early Pastoral Saharan hunter-pastoralists, later Garamantian fringe
Western Jebel Uweinat satellite wadis with 300 cattle-pastoral panels 5000–3000 BCE.
🇳🇪 Niger · Rock art
Early Holocene Bubalus Period (8000–5000 BCE) · Early Holocene Saharan hunter-pastoralists (Bubalus tradition)
Aïr life-size 5.8-m giraffes with leashes 8000–5000 BCE, largest Saharan engravings.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Rock art
Early Holocene to Late Antiquity · Saharan Epipalaeolithic, Old Kingdom expeditions, Ptolemaic and Coptic oasis settlers
Kharga Oasis scarp petroglyphs from Holocene wet-phase savanna to Coptic, on caravan route.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Hydraulic works
Sanhaja Berber to Marinid · Touat Zenete–Sanhaja oasis
Touat Adrar: 84 foggaras 140 km Africa's densest Sahara foggara corridor 27.87N.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Hydraulic works
Almoravid to Saadian · Zenete Berber oases (Gourara)
Gourara Timimoun: 42 foggaras 68 km gallery 12th c. irrigating 1,200 ha Sahara oasis 29.26N.
🇲🇱 Mali · Archaeological wonder
Islamic Saharan (10th–16th c. CE; peak 13th–15th c.) · Sanhaja Berber / Songhai
Teghaza (Taghaza) is a Saharan salt-mining ghost town on Sebkha salt pan 200 km north of Timbuktu, medieval (10th–16th c.) salt slab quarrying centre described by Ibn Battuta 1352 and Leo Africanus…
🇩🇿 Algeria · Fortress
Roman Severan (198–238 CE) · Roman
Castellum Dimmidi (Messaad) is Rome's southernmost Algerian outpost, 350 km south of Algiers into true Sahara, a Severan isolated vexillation fort 40×40 m with corner bastions built 198 CE by Legio…
🇱🇾 Libya · Rock art
Neolithic Pastoral ~8000–2000 BP · Pastoral Neolithic Saharan
Fezzan escarpment's elephant and giraffe engravings marking Holocene Sahara greening.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Archaeological wonder
Epipaleolithic to Late Pastoral (c.8000 BCE–1000 CE; major painting phases Round Head 6000 BCE–5000 BCE, Pastoral 4500–2000 BCE) · Kel Tamasheq predecessor hunter-gatherer / Pastoral Neolithic / Garamantes
72,000 km² sandstone plateau with one of world's largest rock art concentrations: 15,000 engravings and paintings spanning 6000 BCE–first centuries CE – Bubalus, Round Head (10,000–6000 BCE,…
🇹🇩 Chad · Rock art
Neolithic Pastoral to Iron Age ~7000 BP–1000 CE · Saharan Pastoralist to Toubou ancestors
Ennedi sandstone shelters with 7 kyr cattle-to-camel paintings around Saharan guelta lakes.
