🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Inkilltambo
Late Horizon (c.1430–1532 CE) Inca · Inca
Inkilltambo is a large Inca terrace-estate 2 km east of central Cusco on the Watanay's right bank at 3,520 m.
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CategoriesAncient cities
Capitals, ports and metropolises that rose, fell and were found again.
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Ancient city
Middle to Late Preclassic 700 BCE–150 CE (Preclassic fluorescence, collapsed c.150 CE Mirador hiatus) · Maya (Preclassic Mirador Basin state, Late Preclassic centralized polity)
Second-largest Preclassic Maya city after El Mirador (700 BCE–400 CE, 30 km southeast of Mirador): 250 m-high-adjacent Henequén pyramid (60 m high ×190×165 m, seventh-tallest Maya pyramid), Mano de…
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Late Horizon (c.1430–1532 CE) Inca · Inca
Inkilltambo is a large Inca terrace-estate 2 km east of central Cusco on the Watanay's right bank at 3,520 m.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Middle Kingdom to Late Roman (1800 BCE – 350 CE) · Egyptian / Greco-Roman Fayum
Crocodile temple quarter of Narmouthis 1–2 m buried at Medinat Ghoran — Renenutet birth-house and sacred lake 40×30 m.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Middle Kingdom to Late Roman (1800 BCE – 350 CE) · Egyptian / Greco-Roman Fayum
Crocodile temple quarter of Narmouthis 1–2 m buried at Medinat Ghoran — Renenutet birth-house and sacred lake 40×30 m.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Archaic to Hellenistic (560 BCE – 50 BCE) · Toretae Maeotian / Greek
Southern cape harbour of Toricos at Toretae Cape — 45 m jetty at –2.5 m and breakwater spur.
🇺🇸 United States · Ancient village
Sinagua (c.1000–1400 CE) Southern Sinagua – Northern Sinagua transition · Sinagua
Tuzigoot (Apache Tó Ził Gogh – crooked water) is the best-preserved Southern Sinagua hilltop pueblo in the Verde Valley, Arizona, at 1,040 m (3,410 ft) on a limestone ridge above the Verde River.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Roman to Mamluk (25 BCE – 1450 CE) · Roman / Islamic (Ayyubid-Mamluk)
Western mangrove bay of Quseir al-Qadim at Marsa Nakari west — gypsum quay at –1.2 m and 14th c. Islamic warehouses.
🇮🇹 Italy · Buried city
Archaic to Hellenistic (720 – 300 BCE) · Achaean Greek / Sybarite
Southern stoa quarter of Sybaris 5 m under Crati alluvium — 80 m Doric stoa at –5 m and potters' kilns south of main park.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Ancient city
Early Bronze Age (3500-2500 BCE) · Early Bronze Age Kura-Araxes
Metsamor Fortress Citadel North Bastion — Southern Extension in Armavir Province, Armenia is a Early Bronze Age (3500-2500 BCE) ancient city attributed to Early Bronze Age Kura-Araxes.
🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient city
Churchward 1926 Mu Pacific; 2015 Ardabil plain pseudo forum 'Mughan Mu concentric' · Pseudo sunken plain – Ardabil plain as Mu Motherland capital plain
Mu on Ardabil (Mughan) Plain – pseudoarchaeological relocation of James Churchward's Pacific Mu continent (1926) to Iran's Ardabil–Mughan alluvial plain (38°15′N 48°21′E), claiming the 100×80 km…
🇮🇱 Israel · Submerged site
Early Bronze to Crusader (c. 3500 BCE – 1270 CE) · Canaanite / Philistine / Phoenician / Hellenistic / Roman / Crusader
Philistine pentapolis roadsteads – anchor fields and rubble dog-leg breakwater 2–4 m offshore of Ashkelon tell.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Ancient city
Early Iron Age, Scythian period · Scythian-agrarian (Budini, possibly Geloni Greeks per Herodotus)
4,400-ha 7th-c. BCE Scythian mega-hillfort—largest in Europe, Herodotus's wooden Gelonus candidate.
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Temple complex
Mauryan 3 c. BCE → Kushan 1–4 c. → Hepthalite 5–6 c. → Turk Shahis 7–9 c. · Gandharan Buddhist → Kabul Shahi Buddhist with metallurgic substrate
Copper-and-Buddhist hill city 40 km SE Kabul (3 c. BCE–9 c. CE) — 400 Buddha statues and 100 ha monasteries atop world's copper shafts.
🇲🇷 Mauritania · Ancient city
Medieval (800-1200 CE) · Ghana Empire
Koumbi Saleh Market Enclosure East Wall Annex — Southern Extension in Hodh Ech Chargui, Nema, Mauritania is a Medieval (800-1200 CE) ancient city attributed to Ghana Empire.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Ancient city
Early Bronze Age (3500-2500 BCE) · Early Bronze Age Kura-Araxes
Metsamor Fortress Citadel North Bastion — Northern Annex in Armavir Province, Armenia is a Early Bronze Age (3500-2500 BCE) ancient city attributed to Early Bronze Age Kura-Araxes.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Ptolemaic to Roman (300 BCE – 400 CE) · Ptolemaic Greek / Roman Egyptian
Southern town of Euhemeria at Qasr el-Banat — 70 m house block at –2.5 m and 90 m wall.
🇮🇱 Israel · Ancient city
Middle Bronze Age (2000-1550 BCE) · Canaanite
Tel Kabri Palace Storage Annex West — Southern Extension in Galilee, Western Galilee, Israel is a Middle Bronze Age (2000-1550 BCE) ancient city attributed to Canaanite.
🇲🇷 Mauritania · Ancient city
Medieval (800-1200 CE) · Ghana Empire
Koumbi Saleh Market Enclosure East Wall Annex — Northern Annex in Hodh Ech Chargui, Nema, Mauritania is a Medieval (800-1200 CE) ancient city attributed to Ghana Empire.
🇮🇱 Israel · Ancient city
Middle Bronze Age (2000-1550 BCE) · Canaanite
Tel Kabri Palace Storage Annex West — Eastern Outlier in Galilee, Western Galilee, Israel is a Middle Bronze Age (2000-1550 BCE) ancient city attributed to Canaanite.
🇱🇾 Libya · Submerged site
Archaic Greek to Early Islamic (560 BCE – 643 CE) · Greek Cyrenean / Ptolemaic / Roman
Overlapping Greek harbours of Euesperides (560 BCE) and Berenice (247 BCE) preserved as lagoon moles and fish-tanks under Benghazi lagoon.
🇧🇩 Bangladesh · Ancient city
Gupta to Pala–Sena (450–1200 CE) · Gupta to Pala–Sena (Varendra)
Largest Bangladeshi walled city—120 ha, 4 concentric ramparts (6 km outer), 5th–12th c Gupta–Pala–Sena.
🇮🇱 Israel · Ancient city
Hippos (Ancient Greek: Ἵππος, lit. 'Horse') or Sussita (Aramaic, Hebrew: סוסיתא) is an ancient city and archaeological site located on a hill 2 km east of the Sea of Galilee, attached by a…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Submerged site
Classical to Byzantine (360 BCE – 700 CE) · Dorian Greek / Hellenistic / Roman / Byzantine
Cape Crio twin harbours — northern trireme sheds silted and southern mole now 3.2 m submerged, warning yachts at Knidos.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Ptolemaic to Roman (3rd c BCE–3rd c CE) · Ptolemaic / Roman Egyptian
Lake Qarun crocodile temple town Dime es-Sobai with 320-m lion dromos to harbour.
