🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Harappan Ancient City — Hidalgo Annex 411
Harappan · Harappan
Harappan ancient-city at Hidalgo.
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CategoriesAncient cities
Capitals, ports and metropolises that rose, fell and were found again.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Harappan · Harappan
Harappan ancient-city at Hidalgo.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Harappan · Harappan
Harappan ancient-city at Hidalgo.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Archaic Lycian (550–500 BCE) to Byzantine · Lycian (Xanthian dynasts) → Persian
Kınık Lycia excavated by Demargne 1950–, Harpy Tomb reliefs (British Museum) and bilingual Lycian-Greek stele.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Fortress
Roman (1st–5th c CE) · Roman (Numidia)
Pass fort on northern Aurès road, Thamallula guards the Belezma gap with courtyard fortress and road village.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Iron Age · Iron Age
Iron Age ancient-city at Huanuco.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Harappan (3500–1900 BCE; Pre-Harappan Sothi 3500; Mature 2600–1900) · Harappan Sothi → Harappan
Ghaggar Kalibangan excavated by Thapar & Lal 1960–69, ploughed field cross-furrows 2900 BCE earliest plough.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Hellenistic to Byzantine (300 BCE–600 CE) · Hellenistic Macedonian foundation → Roman
Ulubey canyon city excavated by Turkish 2018–, Seleucid north gate intact, Demeter temple and canyon tombs.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Inca Imperial (1420–1536 CE; Tupac Inca Yupanqui) · Inca (Topa Inca)
Choquequirao explored by Bingham 1909 and García 1993–, llama terraces unique, Apurímac canyon 1500 m drop.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Midrarid Kharijite foundation 757 CE to Alaouite 1818 destruction · Miknasa Kharijite → Almoravid → Marinid caravan city (Ibn Battuta)
Sijilmasa excavated by Lightfoot & Miller 1988–, Midrarid Kharijite 757, 14th c. Leo Africanus description.
🇮🇱 Israel · Ancient city
Hellenistic (125–80 BCE) over Iron Persian tell · Phoenician Hellenistic (Sidonian merchants)
Hula tell excavated by Weinberg & Berlin 1968–86, 125 BCE stuccoed luxury house with Doric stucco columns.
🇲🇷 Mauritania · Ancient city
Neolithic agro-pastoral (2000–500 BCE Tichitt Tradition) · Tichitt Tradition (Soninke antecedent, Ghana Empire ancestor)
Tichitt excavated by Munson 1971, 400 Dhar sites 2000–500 BCE, Ghana Empire antecedent, UNESCO tentative.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Hellenistic to Byzantine (300 BCE–600 CE) · Lycian → Roman
Lycian cliff city excavated by Bayburtluoğlu 1971–, tombs of Arykanda princes and basilica with mosaics.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Jomon · Jomon
Jomon ancient-city at Haryana.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Paquimé Phase (1200–1400 CE) Medio period · Casas Grandes (Paquimé) Mogollon
Chihuahua Paquimé excavated by Di Peso 1958–61, Medio period 1200–1400, macaw pens and cast turquoise.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Idrisid to Almoravid (c. 800–1071 CE capital before Marrakech 1071) · Masmuda Berber Almoravid origins (Abu Bakr, Yusuf ibn Tashfin)
Aghmat excavated by Messier 2000s, Mu'tamid ibn Abbad exile tomb 1095, Almoravid origin stratigraphy.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Garamantian (500 BCE–600 CE) capital; foggara peak 200 BCE · Garamantian (Berber Saharan state)
Germa excavated by Daniels 1970s and Mattingly 1990s, foggaras 5th c. BCE, 100k tumuli field nearby.
🇮🇱 Israel · Tell
Early Bronze to Crusader; Philistine peak 1170–830 BCE · Philistine (Gath of Goliath)
Tell es-Safi excavated by Maeir 1996–, Philistine inscription Goliath sherd and Hazael siege system.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Third to Old Babylonian (2600–1700 BCE) · Hurrian (Urkesh)
Khabur excavations by Buccellati 1984–, Hurrian royal archives, stone lions and underworld pit abi.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Classical (373 BCE earthquake Atlantis of Greece) + Mycenaean Helladic Early Helladic settlement 3000 BCE underlying · Achaian League Classical Helike 373 BCE inundated
Helike Project Soter & Katsonopoulou find 2001 Classical building with Helike coin and 373 layer.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Meroitic (600 BCE–350 CE capital after 300 BCE shift from Napata) · Meroitic royal capital (Kandake city)
Meroe town excavated by Garstang & Sayce 1911–14, iron capital 200k t slag, temple of Amun 600 m.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Ubaid to Late Chalcolithic (5500–3300 BCE) · Ubaid → Uruk Northern variant
Confluence proto-city excavated by Stein 2008–10, Halaf-Ubaid pottery mass and urban street plan.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Late Moche / Transitional (600–800 CE) to Wari influence · Late Moche → Wari (transitional Moche V to coastal Wari)
Moche transition Galindo excavated by Bawden 1980s, Wari presence after Moche southern collapse.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Middle Horizon Wari Empire (600–1000 CE) capital Wari · Wari (Huari) imperial
Ayacucho Wari excavated by Lumbreras & Isbell 1970s–, first Andean orthogonal city before Inca.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Temple complex
Egyptian New Kingdom to Napatan (1450 BCE temple T foundation; Taharqa 680 BCE Temple T) · Egyptian → Napatan Kushite (Gematon)
Kawa excavated by Griffith & Macadam 1929–31 and Welsby 1990s, Taharqa shrine to Amun Gematon.
