⌂Ancient cities

🇮🇹 Italy · Ancient city

Augusta Bagiennorum

Augusta Bagiennorum was the chief town of the Ligurian tribe of the Bagienni. It was located in what is now the commune of Bene Vagienna, in the province of Cuneo (northern Italy), on the upper…

🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city

Narmouthis — Southern Crocodile Temple Quarter at Medinet Madi

Middle Kingdom to Coptic (1840 BCE – 600 CE) · Middle Kingdom Egyptian / Ptolemaic / Roman

Southern temple quarter of Narmouthis — Amenemhat III Renenutet temple and crocodile pools at Medinet Madi buried 2.5–5 m.

🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site

Myos Hormos — Central Lagoon Harbour at Marsa Nakari

Ptolemaic to Late Roman (274 BCE – 500 CE) · Ptolemaic Greek / Roman Egyptian / Indian Ocean trade

Central lagoon basin of Myos Hormos — mole and Roman quay at 0.5–2.5 m in Marsa Nakari mangrove lagoon.

🇲🇳 Mongolia · Ancient city

Shambhala in Gobi – Hidden Himalayan Kingdom Extended to Mongolian Desert

Pseudoarchaeology claim (1922 Ossendowski Agartha → 1926 Roerich → 1938 Nazi) · Kalachakra Tantra Shambhala 10th c. beyond Kailash → Roerich Gobi 44.5°N

Pseudo Shambhala in Gobi desert 1200 km northeast of Kailash – Gobi singing sands as sonic barrier.

🇺🇦 Ukraine · Submerged site

Pantikapaion — Central Lower Terrace Submerged Quay

Archaic to Late Antiquity (6th c. BCE – 370 CE) · Milesian Greek / Bosporan Kingdom

Central drowned quay of Pantikapaion — ashlar harbour terrace 1.5–4 m in Kerch Bay below Mithridates acropolis.

🇬🇷 Greece · Buried city

Phalasarna – Uplifted Classical Harbour of West Crete

Classical to Late Roman (333 BCE – 365 CE) · Greek / Hellenistic / Roman

333 BCE closed harbour of Phalasarna now stranded +6.6 m above sea by the AD 365 Crete earthquake — rock-cut basin and canal uplifted overnight.

🇬🇷 Greece · Buried city

Helike — Bouras Plain Western Borehole Field

Early Bronze Age to Classical (3000 – 373 BCE) · Mycenaean / Achaean Greek

Western lagoon core field of Helike — 28 boreholes at 3–6 m with 373 BCE tsunami sand sealing Classical city.

🇺🇦 Ukraine · Submerged site

Olbia Pontica — Bug Estuary Southern Lower Town Grid

Archaic to Late Antiquity (590 BCE – 270 CE) · Milesian Greek / Scythian / Roman provincial

Southern drowned suburb of Olbia — courtyard houses and street 0.5–3 m under Bug Liman reedbed.

🇧🇷 Brazil · Ancient city

City of Z / Kuhikugu (Upper Xingu)

Claimed ancient (Fawcett 500 BCE Atlant. survivors) vs real Xinguano 800–1600 CE · Fawcett: imagined Atlantean/Cartaginian survivors; real: ancestral Kuikuro (Arawak) Xinguano polities

Fawcett's Atlantean Z near Xingu 1925 vanished – 30 km away Heckenberger found real 50-ha Kuhikugu road-plaza network.

🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city

Conchopata

Middle Horizon (c.600–800 CE) Wari Empire · Wari (Huari)

Conchopata, 9 km northeast of Ayacucho city at 2,800 m, is the celebrated Wari satellite city where William Isbell and Anita Cook uncovered the empire's face-neck jar cult.

🇮🇱 Israel · Hydraulic works

Gihon Spring and Warren's Shaft (City of David water system, Jerusalem)

Middle Bronze II to Iron Age IIA–B (1800–580 BCE) · Canaanite (Middle Bronze) → Jebusite / Israelite–Judite

Jerusalem's 1800 BCE–701 BCE fortified perennial spring and karst shaft — 1,500-year water-security evolution.

🇨🇿 Czech Republic · Ancient city

Staré Město – Veligrad Great Moravian Centre

Early Middle Ages (c.600–907 CE, Great Moravian 830–907) · Great Moravia (Veligrad hypothesis; Svatopluk)

Staré Město – Veligrad Great Moravian Centre in Zlín Region, Uherské Hradiště district, Staré Město, Morava valley, Czech Republic is a Early Middle Ages (c.600–907 CE, Great Moravian 830–907) Great…

🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site

Lysimachia — Northern Harbour at Hebros Delta North (Thrace North)

Hellenistic (309–281 BCE primary; to Roman 100 CE) · Hellenistic Macedonian

Northern distributary harbour of Lysimacheia on Hebros — 80 m quay at –2.2 m and palace causeway.

🇮🇱 Israel · Tell

Tell Jemmeh (Tel Gamma)

Late Bronze – Persian (1400–400 BCE) · Philistine–Assyrian

Late Bronze – Persian (1400–400 BCE) tell of Philistine–Assyrian in Southern District, Besor River (c.1400 BCE).

🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Submerged site

Ravenser Odd – Humber Estuary Lost Port

Medieval (1235 – 1362 CE) · Anglo-Norman / Hanse

13th-century Humber port that briefly outranked Hull — parliamentary borough lost 1362 to storms and sand-spit destruction, now under Humber silt.

🇨🇾 Cyprus · Buried city

Enkomi – Buried Bronze Age Harbour of Alashiya, Mesaoria Plain

Late Bronze Age (1600–1050 BCE) · Cypriot-Alashiyan / Mycenaean / Levantine

Alashiya capital 1600 BCE — Pedieos estuary harbour 400x200 m silted 3 km inland with Cyclopean walls 15 m thick and copper oxhide ingots.

🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site

Quseir al-Qadim — Southern Roman Anchorage (Leukos Limen South)

Roman to Early Islamic (1 CE – 800 CE) · Roman / Byzantine / Early Islamic

Southern roadstead of Quseir al-Qadim — 65 m coral breakwater at –3 m and mangrove quay.

🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell

Gre Virike

Chalcolithic to Middle Bronze (4000–1600 BCE) · Middle Bronze Ammian

Chalcolithic to Middle Bronze (4000–1600 BCE) tell of Middle Bronze Ammian in Şanlıurfa Province, Halfeti (c.4000 BCE).

🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city

Arzashkun

Iron Age Urartian (880–780 BCE) · Urartian Early Kingdom

Iron Age Urartian (880–780 BCE) ancient-city of Urartian Early Kingdom in Muș Province, Malazgirt (c.880 BCE).

🇱🇧 Lebanon · Submerged site

Tyre – Al-Mina Egyptian Harbour (Submerged Northern Harbour)

Iron Age Phoenician to Roman (c. 990 BCE – 500 CE) · Phoenician (Tyrian) / Persian / Hellenistic / Roman

Phoenician island city's drowned northern harbour basin – jetty and moles 2–3 m down north of Alexander's causeway.

🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city

Narmouthis — Temple Town Lake Moeris Harbour (Medinet Madi South)

Middle Kingdom to Byzantine (2000 BCE – 400 CE) · Egyptian / Ptolemaic

Southern lake approach of Narmouthis at Medinet Madi — 45 m dromos quay and 70 m basin.

🇮🇱 Israel · Tell

Tell Qasile

Late Bronze–Iron II (1200–600 BCE) · Philistine–Israelite

Late Bronze–Iron II (1200–600 BCE) tell of Philistine–Israelite in Tel Aviv District, Yarkon River (c.1200 BCE).

🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city

Thmuis – Mendesian Harbour City at Tell Timai, Delta

Late Period to Late Antique (600 BCE – 400 CE) · Egyptian / Greek / Ptolemaic / Roman

Mendes twin capital — Mendesian Branch harbour 400x150 m with 120 perfume workshops and 70 kilns, now 2 m sebkha.