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CategoriesEarly urbans
Every place in the atlas labelled early urbans.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Hydraulic works
Bronze Age to Early Historic (1700 BCE–200 CE, Swat protohistoric IV–VII) · Gandhara Grave Culture? Actually Swat protohistoric (Gandhara Grave) to Indo-Greek
Swat 2.5-km proto-canal 1700 BCE puddled clay feeding Ghundai 30 ha rice, Italian Stacul's type Gandhara hydraulic.
🇮🇷 Iran · Tell
Chalcolithic to Early Bronze (c.5000–2500 BCE; Iblis I–VI) · Yahya-related Chalcolithic → Early Bronze Kerman
Kerman Chalcolithic copper centre (5000 BCE) with earliest slag/crucibles south of Kerman.