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CategoriesEarthworks
Mounds, henges, enclosures and effigies built from earth.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Middle Mississippian (c.1000–1450 CE) – Thruston phase Middle Cumberland · Mississippian (Middle Cumberland culture)
The Fewkes Group (Boiling Springs, 40Wm1) is a fortified Middle Mississippian town on the Harpeth River near Brentwood, Tennessee, at 210 m.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Earthwork
Bronze Age to Early Iron Age · Kura-Araxes to Trialeti pastoralists
20 high-altitude kites on Mount Aragats (3000–800 BCE)—Caucasus extension 1,200 km from Levant.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Ancient village
Late Neolithic (2900–2500 BCE) · British Late Neolithic (Humberhead fen communities)
45-m Late Neolithic corduroy trackway (2900–2500 BCE) over Hatfield pool to platform — earliest in Britain.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Maikop to Sarmatian (3600 BCE–300 CE) · Maikop / Yamnaya / Catacomb / Sarmatian
Stratified Maikop–Catacomb–Sarmatian kurgan cemetery (3600 BCE–300 CE) — Caucasus-steppe anchor.
🇮🇪 Ireland · Ancient village
Neolithic to Early Bronze Age (2750–2280 BCE) · Irish Neolithic–Early Bronze (Beaker transition, 2500 BCE)
700-m stacked bog road (2750 BCE brush under 2280 BCE oak plank) — only Neolithic→Bronze stacked reuse in Ireland.
🇮🇪 Ireland · Ancient village
Iron Age (Late Iron Age, La Tène D, 148 BCE) · Irish Iron Age (La Tène, Uisnech kingship)
Iron Age 1-km oak causeway (148 BCE) — Keenagh's in situ twin to Corlea 1, part of 5-trackway Shannon bog field.
🇫🇷 France · Archaeological wonder
Hallstatt C (Iron Age I Armorican) · Armorican Hallstatt (Brittany enclos community)
Armorican bog causeway to islet settlement in Enez Krno mire: 52-m Iron Age plank–hurdlehybrid (620 BCE).
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Early Scythian (pre-Kelermes to Kelermes phase, 8th–7th c BCE aftermath of Near Eastern campaign) · North Caucasian Scythian–Meotian (Cimmerian substrate + returning Scythian)
Adygean Scythian–Cimmerian kurgans (670–640 BCE) with Assyrian mirror and earliest gold-scabbard akinakes.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Late Archaic to Formative (Late Archaic–Alto Ramírez–Tarapacá) · Tarapacá caravan / Alto Ramírez
30+ altiplano caravan geoglyphs (1000 BCE–600 CE) at 3,800 m around Salar de Huasco, Tarapacá.
🇨🇳 China · Hydraulic works
Warring States, Qin to Qing continuous · Qin state engineers under Li Bing (later successive dynasties maintenance)
256 BCE Qin weir still irrigating 5,300 km²—world's oldest dam-less hydraulic system.
🇵🇪 Peru · Geoglyph
Late Horizon (Inca Imperial) · Inca (Quechua)
High-altitude (3,400 m) radial sacred geography of the Inca capital: 41 ceque lines radiating from Coricancha/Qorikancha to huaca shrines bounding Sacsayhuamán pampa and Chinchaysuyo suyu.
🇦🇷 Argentina · Earthwork
Contested Holocene ambiguous — historic to pre-Hispanic hypothesis · Contested Comechingón / Huarpe (?) or natural cuesta (unvalidated)
Northern rim avenue 900 m causeway 1.2 m with bastions 6 m along Potrero norte — contested Huarpe causeway vs cuesta bedding.
🇦🇷 Argentina · Earthwork
Contested Holocene ambiguous — historic to pre-Hispanic hypothesis · Contested Comechingón / Huarpe (?) or natural cuesta (unvalidated)
Northern rim avenue 900 m causeway 1.2 m with bastions 6 m along Potrero norte — contested Huarpe causeway vs cuesta bedding.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Ancient village
Late Neolithic · Late Neolithic Humberhead communities (Grooved Ware)
821-m Neolithic pine corduroy trackway (2435 BCE) on Hatfield Moor — longest British Neolithic.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Hydraulic works
Chalcolithic to Early Bronze IA (Levantine proto-urban) · Levantine Early Bronze proto-urban pastoralists
3000 BCE basalt proto-city with 5 dams and canals—the second-oldest hydraulic network.
🇧🇴 Bolivia · Geoglyph
Formative to Middle Horizon (Lípez–Intersalar) · Lípez / Intersalar–early Tiwanaku
25+ hill and salar-margin geoglyphs (800 BCE–800 CE) guiding Lípez salt caravans at 3,656 m.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Late Intermediate (Pica–Tarapacá) · Pica–Tarapacá oasis farmers
Pampa between Pica and Matilla: 24 rhombus and avenue figures aligned to puquio water galleries.
🇧🇴 Bolivia · Hypothetical site
Hypothetical 1200 CE if mound (unvalidated) or Holocene floating mat natural · Hypothetical Casarabe lagoon islet (unvalidated) or natural floating polder
Hypothetical Moxos central lagoon islet 200 m 2.5 m inside Cedro lagoon with 500 m causeway — ground truth floating camalote mat not mound, levee 0.4 m natural, hippo burrow suspected.
🇧🇴 Bolivia · Hypothetical site
Hypothetical 1200 CE if mound (unvalidated) or Holocene floating mat natural · Hypothetical Casarabe lagoon islet (unvalidated) or natural floating polder
Hypothetical Moxos central lagoon islet 200 m 2.5 m inside Cedro lagoon with 500 m causeway — ground truth floating camalote mat not mound, levee 0.4 m natural, hippo burrow suspected.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Ancient city
Chalcolithic, Trypillia BII Cucuteni A-B · Cucuteni–Trypillia culture
3850 BCE 450-ha burnt-house proto-city—6,000 inhabitants, Europe's largest Chalcolithic settlement.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Geoglyph
PPNB Late to LN (7000–5500 BCE) · Ithnayn twin-cone pass trappers (Maitland–Kheshabiyeh fringe)
6 pass-straddling kites 740 m: 900 m walls ascend 38° cone slopes to dual opposing pens in 420 m col — only ridge-break kite system.
🇦🇷 Argentina · Hypothetical site
Holocene natural / possibly Late Holocene human (unvalidated) · Unassigned Huarpes / Comechingón? / Jesuit?
Erosive 4000 ha Potrero de la Aguada amphitheatre inside Quijadas range — 40–80 m low stone walls bracketing stream forks, culture debated.
🇪🇨 Ecuador · Earthwork
Regional Development (200–600 CE) · Upano (Kilimope) / Huapula fringe
Western raised fields of Upano at Villano River — 120 beds 40×8 m and 2 km canal.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Late Intermediate Tarapacá–Pica · Pica–Tarapacá caravan
Tamarugal core flat geoglyphs: 32 avenues on deflation pampa between Humberstone and Pintados.
