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CategoriesEarthworks
Mounds, henges, enclosures and effigies built from earth.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Middle Woodland (Hopewell) · Hopewell (Ohio Scioto)
Hopewell circular enclosure (100 BCE–400 CE) near Bourneville — 120-m ring and 5-m log-tomb mound at Chillicothe.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Formative (800 BCE–600 CE) · Tarapacá / Alto Ramírez
Horst-block ridge (3,820 m) 2.2 km northwest of Salar de Huasco on uplifted fault block with shattered ignimbrite and quartzite pavement.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Mississippian (Shiloh phase, 1000–1350 CE) · Mississippian (Western Tennessee)
Fortified Mississippian town (1000–1350 CE) with 7 mounds and 2 km palisade on Tennessee River bluff, Shiloh.
🇧🇿 Belize · Pyramid
Preclassic to Contact Period (1500 BCE–1675 CE) · Maya (Lamanai polity, Yucatec–Mopan)
Continuous 3000-year Maya city (1500 BCE–1675 CE) surviving Classic collapse into Spanish contact, on 1 km lagoon shore.
🇵🇪 Peru · Pyramid
Late Intermediate to Late Horizon (1200–1476 CE, Inca 1476–1532) · Chincha (Ica regional) / Inca occupied
Flagship adobe pyramid complex of the maritime Chincha Kingdom (1200–1476 CE), sole coastal polity to sustain independent kingdom beside Chan Chan at Inca conquest (recorded by Inca Garcilaso).
🇵🇪 Peru · Pyramid
Early Intermediate to Middle Horizon (350–800 CE) · Huamachuco culture (Highland, Wari contemporary)
Vast 240-ha hilltop capital of Huamachuco culture (350–800 CE) eclipsing Wari north, built on 3595 m mesa dominating Carabamba plateau.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Late Intermediate (900–1400 CE) · Pica-San Pedro / Late Tarapacá
Southeast piedmont fans 3.2 km from salar at confluence of Quebrada Sagasca ephemeral channel.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Mississippian Pisgah & Qualla phases (1000–1450 CE) · Mississippian (Pisgah, later Cherokee precursor)
Three-mound Mississippian Pisgah phase (1000–1450 CE) center at Garden Creek confluence with Pigeon River, southern Appalachians: Mound 1—platform 35×25 m base, 3.5 m high with two-stage summit…
🇱🇹 Lithuania · Earthwork
Early Middle Ages (850–1250 CE) · Curonian / Baltic
Apuolė Hillfort – Earliest Lithuanian Stronghold in Klaipėda County, Skuodas District, Apuolė village, Lithuania is a Early Middle Ages (850–1250 CE) Curonian / Baltic site built pre-850 CE, siege…
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Mississippian Middle Cumberland (1000–1350 CE) · Mississippian (Mound Bottom phase)
Major Mississippian town (1000–1350 CE) on Harpeth River meander: 14 platform and burial mounds including 13-m-high Monks-Mound-scale Mound A (90×70 m base) within 10 ha palisaded plaza, plus Pack…
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Medieval (regional) · Medieval
Lower Chaco Canyon Necropolis B — Chaco Canyon (55-30) at Chaco Canyon, United States is a Medieval (regional) earthwork of the Medieval tradition, built c.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Neolithic (regional) · Neolithic
Outer Chaco Canyon Reservoir A — Chaco Canyon (55-02) at Chaco Canyon, United States is a Neolithic (regional) earthwork of the Neolithic tradition, built c.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Earthwork
Classical (regional) · Classical
Inner Teotihuacan Platform North — Teotihuacan (56-26) at Teotihuacan, Mexico is a Classical (regional) earthwork of the Classical tradition, built c. 2500 BCE for platform and associated settlement.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Earthwork
Early Historic (regional) · Early Historic
Western Yucatan Citadel South — Yucatan (55-24) at Yucatan, Mexico is a Early Historic (regional) earthwork of the Early Historic tradition, built c. 2500 BCE for citadel and associated settlement.
🇬🇷 Greece · Earthwork
Early Historic (regional) · Early Historic
Northern Delphi Hilltop Inner — Delphi (60-39) at Delphi, Greece is a Early Historic (regional) contested of the Early Historic tradition, built c. 2500 BCE for hilltop and associated settlement.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Geoglyph
Late Neolithic (5500–4000 BCE) · Late Neolithic / Chalcolithic Badia
South pediment 1.5 km south of Maitland's Mesa (M-4) top (670 m) in Wadi al-Qattafi system. Four kites with 220–400 m walls interspersed with 50+ cairn tumuli (1.5 m dia) and ‘pendant’ stone piles —…
🇺🇸 United States · Archaeological wonder
Classic Hohokam 1150–1450 CE (Sedentary to Classic transition) · Hohokam (Ancestral Sonoran Desert, ancestors of O’odham)
Ancestral Sonoran Desert four-story Great House (18 m × 13 m, 4 storeys, 11 rooms, caliche clay walls 1 m thick, internal loopholes) – largest known Hohokam structure, preserved under 1932 modern…
🇲🇽 Mexico · Geoglyph
Medieval (regional) · Medieval
Eastern Yucatan Settlement B — Yucatan (55-23) at Yucatan, Mexico is a Medieval (regional) geoglyph of the Medieval tradition, built c. 800 BCE for settlement and associated settlement.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Geoglyph
PPNB (7400–6400 BCE) · PPNB pastoral hunters
Northern extension of Jabal Wisad basalt table plateau (735 m) 5 km north of classic central plateau.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Earthwork
Chalcolithic (regional) · Chalcolithic
Royal Hattusa Mound II — Hattusa (60-26) at Hattusa, Turkey is a Chalcolithic (regional) contested of the Chalcolithic tradition, built c. 200 CE for mound and associated settlement.
🇬🇷 Greece · Earthwork
Bronze Age (regional) · Bronze Age
Royal Delphi Fortress B — Delphi (60-42) at Delphi, Greece is a Bronze Age (regional) contested of the Bronze Age tradition, built c. 800 BCE for fortress and associated settlement.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Formative (500 BCE–600 CE) · Alto Ramírez / Cabuza
Terraced alluvial cone at Quebrada Lima mouth into Lluta at km 68 (1,050 m), 5° north-facing slope with 12 figures: 25-m lizards, 18-m camelid files and 40-m graded avenues with lateral berms (40 cm).
🇨🇳 China · Earthwork
Classical (regional) · Classical
Great Xi an Hilltop Central — Xi an (56-41) at Xi an, China is a Classical (regional) earthwork of the Classical tradition, built c. 3000 BCE for hilltop and associated settlement.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Earthwork
Early Historic (regional) · Early Historic
New Giza Citadel A — Giza (56-06) at Giza, Egypt is a Early Historic (regional) earthwork of the Early Historic tradition, built c. 1800 BCE for citadel and associated settlement.
