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CategoriesFortresses
Walls, citadels and hill forts.
🇱🇻 Latvia · Fortress
Daugavgrīva Castle (German: Dünamünde; Polish: Dynemunt; Russian: Усть-Двинск or Ust`-Dvinsk) is a former monastery converted into a castle, located at Vecdaugava oxbow on the right bank of Daugava,…
🇮🇶 Iraq · Fortress
Bash Tapia Castle, (Arabic: باشطابيا) also known as Bashtabiya Castle or Pashtabia Castle, is a ruined 12th-century castle located on the western bank of the Tigris river, forming part of the city…
🇨🇾 Cyprus · Fortress
Buffavento Castle (Greek: Kάστρο Βουφαβέντο, Turkish: Buffavento Kalesi) is a castle in Northern Cyprus.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Archaeological wonder
Roman (85–410 CE) · Roman
Vindolanda Roman Fort in Northumberland, South of Hadrian's Wall, United Kingdom is a Roman (85–410 CE) archaeological wonder attributed to Roman culture.
🇬🇷 Greece · Fortress
Classical–Hellenistic (4th c. BCE) · Megarian/Athenian
Tower of Aegosthena — Porto Germeno in Attica, Greece is a Classical–Hellenistic (4th c. BCE) fortress attributed to Megarian/Athenian.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Fortress
Crusader (1115 CE) + Ayyubid/Mamluk · Crusader Latin Kingdom / Ayyubid
Shobak excavated by Brown 1990s, 1115 Baldwin I foundation besieged by Saladin, secret spring tunnel unique.
🇱🇾 Libya · Fortress
Greek Barca 560 BCE → Byzantine → Arab Barca medieval capital 640–1150 CE · Greek Barca → Arab Barqah capital of Cyrenaica Emirate 640 CE
Barca surveyed Goodchild, Barca Greek to Arab.
🇮🇷 Iran · Fortress
Neolithic to Achaemenid (c.7000 BCE–330 BCE; Achaemenid fortress c.550 BCE) · Neolithic Bakhtiari → Achaemenid pastoral fortress
Bolaghi valley Achaemenid route fortress (550 BCE) over Neolithic knoll between Pasargadae and Persepolis.
🇵🇱 Poland · Fortress
The Będzin Castle is a castle in Będzin in southern Poland. The stone castle dates to the 14th century, and is predated by a wooden fortification that was erected in the 11th century.
🇮🇱 Israel · Fortress
Nabataean–Roman (100 BCE–300 CE) · Nabataean
Saharonim — Nabataean Hill Fort in Southern District, Israel is a Nabataean–Roman (100 BCE–300 CE) fortress attributed to Nabataean.
🇨🇾 Cyprus · Fortress
Kyrenia Castle (Greek: Κάστρο της Κερύνειας Turkish: Girne Kalesi) is a 16th-century castle in the north of Cyprus, built by the Venetians over a previous Crusader fortification.
🇱🇻 Latvia · Fortress
Aizpute Castle (German: Ordensburg Hasenpoth) is a Livonian Order castle in the town of Aizpute in the historical region of Courland, in western Latvia.
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Fortress
Classic · Maya/Andean
Mixco Viejo — fortified hilltop twin capital.
🇮🇱 Israel · Fortress
Nabataean–Roman (50 BCE–300 CE) · Nabataean
Gaza Road Ridge — Saharonim Spur Tower in Southern District, Israel is a Nabataean–Roman (50 BCE–300 CE) fortress attributed to Nabataean.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Fortress
The fortress of Halidzor (Armenian: Հալիձորի բերդ) is along a hill overlooking the Voghji River to the north, near the town of Kapan, which is 1 kilometre (0.6 mi) southwest in the Syunik Province of…
🇱🇻 Latvia · Fortress
Gaujiena Castle (German: Schloss Adsel; Estonian: Atsele ordulinnus) is a castle in the historical region of Vidzeme, in northern Latvia. It was built between 1236 and 1238.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Roman to Byzantine (1st c CE – 7th c CE; colonia under Trajan) · Roman / Byzantine (Byzacena)
Byzacena road city at Sahara edge, Thelepte flourished as Byzantine dux capital with massive fortress (1.2 km circuit) built from Roman spolia, two basilicas with mosaics, baths an...
🇩🇿 Algeria · Fortress
Roman (81 CE – 5th c CE; legionary base 123–238 CE) · Roman (Legio III Augusta)
Africa's largest legionary fortress, Lambaesis housed 6,000 men of III Augusta with principia, baths, amphitheatre, aqueduct and arch of Commodus. Headquarters shrine and numerus i...
🇦🇲 Armenia · Fortress
Ertij is a fort built during the 13th century. It is situated upon a hill adjacent to the village of Arpi in the Vayots Dzor Province of Armenia.
🇿🇼 Zimbabwe · Fortress
Castle Kopje is an Iron Age site located in east-central Zimbabwe, dating back to the second millennium. It is believed to have been a smaller settlement during the period when the Kingdom of Zimbabwe was at its height.
🇱🇾 Libya · Fortress
Roman Tripolitania (2nd–7th c. CE) · Roman (Tripolitanian Lim.
Tarhouna centenarium fort (60×40 m) controlling olive terraces.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Pharaonic to Byzantine (New Kingdom – 7th c CE; Ptolemaic port 300 BCE) · Egyptian / Ptolemaic / Roman / Byzantine
Egypt's western gate on Mediterranean lagoon, Paraetonium began as Ramesses II's western chain fort, then great Ptolemaic lagoon port with Alexander–Cleopatra stopover tradition; l...
🇦🇱 Albania · Fortress
The Rodoni Castle or Skanderbeg Castle (Albanian: Kalaja e Rodonit; Kalaja e Skënderbeut) is a castle in Albania. Rodoni Castle is at an elevation of 1 metre (3 ft).
🇪🇪 Estonia · Fortress
Laiuse Castle (Estonian: Laiuse ordulinnus, German: Burg Lais) was a Livonian Order castle in Laiusevälja, Jõgeva Parish, Estonia. The castle is now in ruins.
