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CategoriesHillforts
Hilltops ringed with ramparts and ditches, built for defence and display.
🇱🇹 Lithuania · Earthwork
Middle Ages (14th–17th c. with Iron Age hillfort predecessor) · Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Vytautas, Radvila family)
Asveja Lake Hillfort and Dubingiai Castle Complex in Vilnius County, Molėtai–Dubingiai, Asveja lake bridge area, Lithuania is a Middle Ages (14th–17th c.
🇱🇻 Latvia · Hillfort
Late Iron Age Selian 9th–13th c Selonia (Baltic) Livonian horizon · Selian Baltic (Sēļi) — Selonia tribe between Latgals and Semigals
Sēlpils (Selburg, Selian *Sēlija*) — Selian tribal hillfort (Late Iron Age 9th–13th c, Livonian 1208 burning, Order stone castle 1373) on Daugava right bank 15 km south Jēkabpils opposite Staburags…
🇪🇸 Spain · Ancient village
Iron Age (800 BCE-100 CE) · Castro Culture
Castro de Baroña Coastal Annex Terrace — Northern Annex in Galicia, A Coruna, Spain is a Iron Age (800 BCE-100 CE) ancient village attributed to Castro Culture.
🇸🇰 Slovakia · Fortress
Early Medieval Great Moravian frontier 800–950 (830–900 peak) · Great Moravian Slav frontier elite (Mojmirid) + Carolingian Frankish
Bojná-Valy — Great Moravian frontier stronghold system (c.800–950, peak 830–900) at Považský Inovec foothills above Bojňanka stream, comprising Valy 12 ha fort, Bojná I–III forts covering 20 ha, 3…
🇪🇸 Spain · Ancient village
Iron Age (800 BCE-100 CE) · Castro Culture
Castro de Baroña Coastal Annex Terrace in Galicia, A Coruna, Spain is a Iron Age (800 BCE-100 CE) ancient village attributed to Castro Culture.
🇮🇪 Ireland · Earthwork
Neolithic to Early Medieval (c.3400 BCE–1200 CE) · Neolithic → Iron Age La Tène → Early Medieval Gaelic
Ireland's paramount ceremonial landscape (142 ha) — Neolithic tomb, Lia Fáil kingship stone and Iron Age royal enclosure complex.
🇦🇷 Argentina · Buried city
Late Intermediate to Inca (c.1250 – 1430 CE) · Atacameno / Tastileño / Inca phase
Tastil's northern Quebrada del Toro–Rosario ridge extension — 400 m double wall, terraced fields and chullpa towers linking two valleys 3340 m.
🇮🇪 Ireland · Earthwork
Iron Age to Early Medieval (c.1000 BCE–1100 CE) · Iron Age Gaelic → Early Medieval Uí Néill
Donegal hilltop royal cashel (23.5 m diameter) on Greenan Mountain — northern Uí Néill kingship inauguration fort.
🇮🇪 Ireland · Earthwork
Late Bronze Age to Early Medieval (c.1100 BCE–800 CE) · Atlantic Iron Age / Early Medieval Gaelic
Cliff-edge triple stone fort on Inishmore (6 ha) with massive chevaux-de-frise of jagged limestone — Ireland's most dramatic hillfort.
🇱🇻 Latvia · Hillfort
Late Iron Age Baltic 10th–13th c Livonian Crusade horizon · Latgallian–Semigallian Baltic (Daugava chain, Henry 1208)
Asote — Latgallian–Semigallian hillfort (Late Iron Age 10th–13th c, Livonian Crusade destruction 1208/1215) on Daugava left bank near Gostiņi 10 km west Jēkabpils, Central Latvia.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Archaic to Hellenistic (c.600–100 BCE) · Sindian / Toretae with Greek imports
Toretae promontory harbour on Anapa south cape — small ashlar fort and submerged cove 1–3 m, Sindic coast chain between Bata and Gorgippia.
🇪🇸 Spain · Ancient city
Iron Age (c.600 BCE–100 CE) · Castro culture (Gallaeci Bracari, Celtic)
Castro de Santa Trega (Iron Age c.600–0 BCE, revived 100 BCE–100 CE) crowns the 341-m Santa Tegra mountain at the Miño–Atlantic confluence overlooking Portugal, a 7-hectare terraced castro-city of…
🇱🇻 Latvia · Earthwork
Viking Age to Middle Ages (9th–13th c.) · Semigallian / Livonian Order
Mežotne Hillfort on the Lielupe in Zemgale, Bauska Municipality, Mežotne on Lielupe, Latvia is a Viking Age to Middle Ages (9th–13th c.) Semigallian / Livonian Order site built 9th c.
🇩🇪 Germany · Hillfort
Late Hallstatt to Early La Tène (c.620–450 BCE) · Early Celtic (Hallstatt)
Principal Early Celtic princely seat on the Upper Danube, the Heuneburg is a 10 ha hillfort plateau above the Danube at Hundersingen with a Mediterranean-style mudbrick wall (c.600 BCE, unique north…
🇮🇪 Ireland · Earthwork
Bronze Age to Iron Age · Irish Atlantic Bronze Age
Dun Aonghasa Aran Fort at Galway, Aran Islands, Ireland is a Bronze Age to Iron Age earthwork of the Irish Atlantic Bronze Age tradition, built c.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Earthwork
Neolithic to Iron Age · Devon Neolithic
Hembury Hillfort Devon at Devon, United Kingdom is a Neolithic to Iron Age earthwork of the Devon Neolithic tradition, built c. 4000 BCE for causewayed enclosure + iron age hillfort.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Earthwork
Iron Age · British Iron Age
Danebury Hillfort Hampshire at Hampshire, United Kingdom is a Iron Age earthwork of the British Iron Age tradition, built c. 550 BCE for type-site hillfort dense occupation.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Earthwork
Iron Age · Durotriges
Maiden Castle Hillfort Dorset at Dorset, United Kingdom is a Iron Age earthwork of the Durotriges tradition, built c. 600 BCE for 47 acre bivallate hillfort.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Hillfort
Early Iron Age (800–400 BCE) · Hallstatt / Early Iron Age
Eildon Hill North — Ancillary Rampart Enclosure in Scotland, Scottish Borders, Melrose, United Kingdom is a Early Iron Age (800–400 BCE) hillfort attribute…
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Fortress
Iron Age to Classical (700 BCE–300 CE) · Iron Age fortified culture
Maiden Castle — Inner Rampart East Gate in England, Dorset, Dorchester, United Kingdom is a Iron Age to Classical (700 BCE–300 CE) fortress attributed to I…
🇰🇷 South Korea · Hillfort
Andean Formative (1800–200 BCE) · Andean Formative
Floodplain Hill Fort in Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea is a Andean Formative (1800–200 BCE) hillfort attributed to Andean Formative culture.
🇰🇷 South Korea · Hillfort
Ancestral Pueblo (900–1350 CE) · Ancestral Pueblo
Bala Seaton Hill Fort in Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea is a Ancestral Pueblo (900–1350 CE) hillfort attributed to Ancestral Pueblo culture.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Hillfort
Classical Antiquity (800 BCE–500 CE) · Classical
Pediment-Spur Hill Fort in Central Anatolia, Turkey is a Classical Antiquity (800 BCE–500 CE) hillfort attributed to Classical culture.
🇷🇴 Romania · Tell
Precucuteni to Cucuteni B (5200–3500 BCE) · Precucuteni → Cucuteni–Tripolye A3–B1 (Ariușd)
Cucuteni mega-tell 4600 BCE — 120 houses & salt-trade proto-city (Monah).
