🇮🇶 Iraq · Hydraulic works
Nimrud Dam
Neo-Assyrian Empire 879-612 BCE · Assyrian Neo-Assyrian imperial engineers
879 BCE Assyrian Tigris weir dam (200 m) at Nimrud with 5 gated sluices feeding Sennacherib's canal cascade to Nineveh.
🇨🇳 China · Hydraulic works
Zhengguo Canal – Jingyang Irrigation Canal (Zheng Guo Qu)
Warring States to Han continuous · Qin with Han engineer Zheng Guo (鄭國)
246 BCE 'sabotage' canal that irrigated 27,000 ha and enabled Qin to unify China.
🇮🇷 Iran · Temple complex
Bishapur — Sassanid City and Anahita Temple
Sassanian Early (Shapur I–II, 241–379 CE) · Sassanian Persian with Roman–Palmyrene craftsmen (prisoners)
Shapur I 260 CE grid city by Roman POWs after Valerian capture — Anahita water temple, mosaics, Chogan gorge 6 reliefs.
🇵🇪 Peru · Hydraulic works
Moray Agricultural Terraces
Late Horizon, Inca (~1300–1530 CE) · Inca
Three colossal natural depressions on the Maras plateau were amplified by Incas into concentric circular andenes up to 150 m across and 30 m deep, each terrace a microclimate ring with temperature…
🇯🇴 Jordan · Hydraulic works
Wadi Faynan — Khirbat Faynan
Chalcolithic to Byzantine (4500 BCE+) · Chalcolithic
Wadi Faynan — Khirbat Faynan in Aqaba Governorate, Wadi Araba, Jordan is a Chalcolithic to Byzantine (4500 BCE+) hydraulic attributed to Chalcolithic culture.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Hydraulic works
Bir-Kot Ghundai Canal
Late Bronze to Indo-Greek (Gandhara) 1400 BCE - 200 CE · Gandhara Grave Culture to Indo-Greek
Late Bronze rock-cut canal (3 km, 4 m wide, 1390 BCE) diverting Swat River to Bir-Kot Ghundai Indo-Greek city.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Hydraulic works
Wadi Al-Gharas Bint Dam (Sadd al-Bint Southeast Expansion)
Early Islamic Umayyad (740 CE) NW Arabia · Umayyad Khaybar–AlUla Harrat oasis (NW Arabia)
Southeast expansion gravity dam 158 m × 14.2 m basalt 800 m: clay-core 2.1 m + 3-tier buttress trapping 42,000 m³.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Hydraulic works
Jawa Dam – World's Oldest Known Dam Network (3000 BCE)
Chalcolithic to Early Bronze IA (Levantine proto-urban) · Levantine Early Bronze proto-urban pastoralists
3000 BCE basalt proto-city with 5 dams and canals—the second-oldest hydraulic network.
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Band-e Amir (Amir Dam) & Kor River Cascade (Marvdasht Plain, Fars)
Sassanid to Buyid (4th c CE to 10th c CE) · Sassanid → Buyid Islamic
Kor River cascade (Sassanid 4th c → Buyid 970 CE) bridge–dam 75 m with 13 arches — Persepolis plain lifeline.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Ancient city
Kuhikugu — Seki Lake Southern Reservoir Cluster K17
Xinguano late 1100–1600 CE · Xinguano (ancestral Kuikuro)
Southern reservoir satellite K17 of Kuhikugu — 140 m reservoir and plazas at Seki Lake south, Xingu hydraulic answer to Upano.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Hydraulic works
Nahrwan Canal — Sasanian Flood Canal of Ctesiphon (Nahrawan)
Sasanian to Early Abbasid (550–937 CE) · Sasanian Persian (Khosrow I) with Islamic early maintenance
6th-c. Sasanian 120-km 30-m flood-canal protecting Ctesiphon, intake at Dur-Kurigalzu 240-m regulator, 30k ha Diyala.
🇩🇪 Germany · Hydraulic works
Eifel Aqueduct (Eifelwasserleitung) — Roman Aqueduct to Cologne
Roman Imperial (Flavian to Late Roman, 1st–3rd c CE) · Roman Gallo–German (Colonia Agrippina)
95-km Flavian Roman concrete aqueduct (c.80 CE) delivering 20,000 m³/day from Eifel springs to Cologne.
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Band-e Kaisar (Valerian Bridge-Dam, Shushtar — Pol-e Kaisar)
Sassanid Early (Shapur I, 241–270 CE) built by Roman captives · Sassanid Persian with Roman engineering corps (Legio)
500-m Roman-Sassanid arch bridge/dam (260 CE) raising Karun for Shushtar's 10-km Gargar canal — easternmost Roman dam.
🇰🇭 Cambodia · Hydraulic works
West Baray North Inlet Canal and Transfer Canal (West Baray North Feed)
Angkorian (11th c Udayadityavarman II) · Khmer Angkor
North inlet canal feeding West Baray (8 x 2.1 km, 17 km2 reservoir, already in DB as baray-west-angkor) at north embankment breach (13.42,103.78, 22 m) with 4.5 km canal from Siem Reap River…
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Hydraulic works
Sadd Al-Khair (Wadi Fatima Dam, Sadd al-Hamra)
Umayyad (with possible South Arabian precursor) · Umayyad Hejaz oasis
Wadi Fatima: 65-m rock-fill dam at Al Jumum 28 km west of Mecca, 8th c. Umayyad 32,000 m³.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Uaymil Island Maya Port
Terminal Classic – Postclassic (900–1520 CE) · Maya (Putún-Chontal / Campeche coast)
Postclassic salt–shell island port (900–1520 CE) on Uaymil sand barrier island north of Jaina, 25 km offshore Campeche mangroves: 20 low platforms 1–2 m high with columned halls, oratories and…
🇲🇦 Morocco · Hydraulic works
Khettara Figuig East Branch (Eastern Figuig Oasis Khettara Line)
Zenata Berber medieval (1300–1600 CE) · Zenata Berber / Figuig Ksour
Eastern branch khettara line of Figuig oasis (890 m) distinct from main khettara-figuig-oasis already in DB (which covers central system).
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Hydraulic works
Carthage — Baths of Antoninus Ancillary Cistern North (Tunisia)
Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) · Hydraulic culture
Carthage — Baths of Antoninus Ancillary Cistern North (Tunisia) in Tunis, Carthage, Tunisia is a Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) hydraulic attr…
🇾🇪 Yemen · Hydraulic works
Marib Dam
Sabaean Kingdom, Early South Arabian (~1750 BCE – 570 CE) · Sabaean (South Arabian, Kingdom of Saba)
Earthfill diversion dam spanning the Wadi Adhanah and flanked by the limestone North and South Sluices with Sabaean monumental inscriptions.
🇫🇷 France · Hydraulic works
Barbegal Aqueduct and Roman Mill Complex
Roman 2nd c. CE (Hadrianic c.118–122 CE) · Roman (Gallia Narbonensis)
Barbegal – 2nd c. Roman 16-mill industrial factory on Alpilles scarp, fed by two parallel aqueducts from Eygalières (8 km and 11 km).
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Karanis — Central Insula Granary Complex at Kom Aushim
Ptolemaic to Late Roman (3rd c. BCE – 5th c. CE) · Graeco-Roman Egyptian (Ptolemaic cleruchs, Roman veterans)
Central granary insula of Karanis — twin vaulted granaries at Kom Aushim buried 3–6 m with papyrus jar.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Hydraulic works
Hasankeyf Euphrates Side Canal (Upper Tigris Hasankeyf Rock-Cut Canal)
Roman 180 to Artuqid 1150 CE (Hasankeyf Upper Tigris) · Roman mesopotamia then Artuqid Hasankeyf (Tigris gorge town)
Artuqid 1150/Roman 180 side canal 1.4 km rock-cut 1.2×1.8 m vaulted 700 m with 6 intakes and 5 shaft aqueducts — orchard 12 ha.
🇪🇸 Spain · Hydraulic works
Les Ferreres Aqueduct (Devil's Bridge, Pont del Diable — Tarraco Aqueduct)
Roman Augustan (late Republic to early Principate) · Roman Tarraconensis (Tarraco Colonia)
217-m Augustan double-tier arcade (20 BCE–20 CE) 27 m high — Tarraco's Francolí aqueduct masterpiece.
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Shushtar Band-e Kaisar — Roman Bridge-Dam Caesar's Dam
Sassanian (Roman capture) · Sassanian Persian, Roman legion engineers
Karun 500-m Roman arch bridge-dam by Valerian's legion 260 CE with Gargar mills, core of UNESCO Shushtar system.