🇩🇿 Algeria · Hydraulic works
Petroglyph Aqueduct
Jōmon (14000–300 BCE) · Jōmon
Petroglyph Aqueduct in Tassili n'Ajjer, Algeria is a Jōmon (14000–300 BCE) hydraulic attributed to Jōmon culture.
?Contested
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CategoriesHydraulic works
Canals, qanats, stepwells and reservoirs of ancient engineers.
🇮🇱 Israel · Hydraulic works
Ancestral Pueblo (900–1350 CE) · Ancestral Pueblo
Hydraulic System at South in Negev, Israel is a Ancestral Pueblo (900–1350 CE) hydraulic attributed to Ancestral Pueblo culture.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Hydraulic works
Jōmon (14000–300 BCE) · Jōmon
Petroglyph Aqueduct in Tassili n'Ajjer, Algeria is a Jōmon (14000–300 BCE) hydraulic attributed to Jōmon culture.
🇸🇾 Syria · Hydraulic works
Umayyad c.728–729 CE (Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik) · Umayyad (Syrian desert)
Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi (728–729 Caliph Hisham) – Umayyad desert castle double enclosure whose hydraulic system re-used Byzantine aqueduct (40 km Harbaka dam canal) to store in birka (70m reservoir),…
🇪🇬 Egypt · Hydraulic works
Old Kingdom c.2700–2600 BCE (Third–Fourth Dynasty) · Old Kingdom Egyptian
Sadd el-Kafara (c.2700 BCE) – Old Kingdom's 113m-long, 14m-high masonry embankment dam with 98m base and 500,000 m³ rubble core in Wadi Garawi, 30 km south Cairo.
🇵🇪 Peru · Hydraulic works
Moche 100–800 CE; Wari continuation · Moche (La Libertad)
Moche Canal System – north coast Peru Moche Valley hydraulic (100–800 CE): 30 km intervalley canals (La Cumbre, Ascope) diverting Moche River to arid Chicama, puquios spiral-wells tapping aquifer…
🇹🇲 Turkmenistan · Hydraulic works
Seljuk 11th c. (Sultan Sanjar) with Abbasid foundation · Seljuk Islamic (Merv oasis)
Sultan Kala – Medieval Merv oasis headworks on Murghab: 12m Sultan Dam (Murghab bifurcation barrage), Razik canal, Majan canal lattice and 55 km Abdullah canal irrigating 2,500 km² oasis supporting…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Hydraulic works
Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) · Local Neolithic
Pushkarini Tank Steps North in Cappadocia, Turkey is a Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) hydraulic attributed to Local Neolithic culture.
🇿🇦 South Africa · Hydraulic works
Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) · Iron Age
Baray Hydraulic Reservoir North in Cederberg, South Africa is a Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) hydraulic attributed to Iron Age culture.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Hydraulic works
Period Classical · Regional culture Misc-Hydraulic
Pyramid Outlier Misc 97 — Turkey Region 1 in Turkey Region 1, Turkey is a Iron Age hydraulic with stratified deposits and regional significance. Excavations reveal architectural phasing.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Hydraulic works
Period Late Holocene · Regional culture Misc-Hydraulic
Tell of Painted Ware Misc 20 — Turkey Region 8 in Turkey Region 8, Turkey is a Neolithic hydraulic with stratified deposits and regional significance. Excavations reveal architectural phasing.
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Achaemenid to Sassanian (5th c. BCE core; 260 CE Band-e Mizan by Valerian captives) · Sassanian with Roman engineering
Band-e Mizan – upstream regulator weir of Shushtar Hydraulic System (Khuzestan): 390m limestone weir across Karun splitting into Gargar canal (40 mills) vs Shatit, built 260 CE by Roman captives of…
🇵🇪 Peru · Hydraulic works
Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) · Local Neolithic
Harmika Dome Revetment West in Cusco, Peru is a Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) hydraulic attributed to Local Neolithic culture.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Hydraulic works
Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) · Medieval
Mapungubwe Hill Annex in Bayuda Desert, Sudan is a Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) hydraulic attributed to Medieval culture.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Hydraulic works
Pharaonic–Roman gold (3000 BCE–300 CE) · Pharaonic then Ptolemaic gold
Wadi Saqqia — Onomastics Quarry and Gold Mine in Eastern Desert, Egypt is a Pharaonic–Roman gold (3000 BCE–300 CE) hydraulic attributed to Pharaonic then Ptolemaic gold.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Hydraulic works
Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) · Classical
Deul Rekha Tower North in Luxor, Egypt is a Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) hydraulic attributed to Classical culture.
🇮🇳 India · Hydraulic works
Chola Early historic to Medieval (100 – 1030 CE) · Tamil Chola hydraulic statecraft
South Vennar regulator of 2nd-c Chola anicut with Rajendra I inscriptions 1012 CE.
🇬🇷 Greece · Hydraulic works
Classical (5th–4th c. BCE) · Athenian
Laurion Silver Washery at Agrileza in Attica, Greece is a Classical (5th–4th c. BCE) hydraulic attributed to Athenian.
🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates · Hydraulic works
Iron Age to present ~1000 BCE–present · Omani/Hafit to UAE bedouin oases
Al Ain 3,000-year aflaj-fed palm oasis irrigating 147,000 palms with time-share water law.
🇮🇳 India · Hydraulic works
Harappan (2600–1900 BCE mature; dock 2400 BCE) · Indus / Harappan (Lothal)
Ahmedabad Lothal excavated by Rao 1954–63, dock at 2400 BCE, bead factory and Persian Gulf seal.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Hydraulic works
Harappan (2600–1900 BCE) · Harappan Mohenjo-daro
Mohenjo citadel excavated by Marshall 1922–, world's earliest public Bath.
🇪🇸 Spain · Cave
Upper Palaeolithic to Bronze Age · Magdalenian / Bronze Age
Karstic cave network in Navarre Pyrenees foothills with Upper Palaeolithic engravings and Holocene deposits, including Magdalenian mobiliary art and early Bronze Age burials.
🇮🇳 India · Hydraulic works
Sangam Period, Early Historic to Colonial · Tamil Chola (Sangam)
2nd century Chola granite anicut (329 m, 150 CE) on Kaveri River, oldest functional dam in world irrigating one million acres.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Hydraulic works
Old Kingdom early 4th Dynasty · Old Kingdom Egyptian (Memphite)
South bank companion wing (62 m) to Sadd el-Kafara Old Kingdom unfinished dam (2703 BCE): spillway side with mason marks.
