🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Boralday Royal Mound 15 (Boralday Central Royal)
Early Saka Tigraxauda peak · Saka Tigraxauda royal
Boralday Royal 15: 92-m triple-circle Saka mound with 180 gold appliqués, park core.
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CategoriesKurgans
Steppe burial mounds heaped over pit graves, from the Caucasus to the Altai.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Tumulus
Late Bronze to Xiongnu Early Iron · Slab Grave / Xiongnu
30 Slab Grave to Xiongnu re-used kurgans (1300 BCE–150 CE) — Selenge River terrace with Han lacquer.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Kurgan
Eneolithic Chalcolithic; Sredny Stog · Dnieper-Donets → Sredny Stog → Yamnaya
Sredny Stog river village and cemetery (4500–3500 BCE) with Telegin settlement, copper awls and famed Dereivka stallion bit-wear controversy — Yamnaya forerunner.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Tagar (Scythian-type Early Iron Age) · Tagar
18 Tagar satellite kurgans (700–300 BCE) on Salbyk terrace — hierarchy around Great Salbyk mega-mound.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Early Saka (Tiglaxaus vs Saka Tigraxauda) · Saka (Saka Tigraxauda) royal
Besshatyr south row: 6 royal kurgans (52–78 m) 500 m south of northern royal row, Altyn-Emel.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Early Saka Tigraxauda peak · Saka Tigraxauda royal
Boralday Royal 15: 92-m triple-circle Saka mound with 180 gold appliqués, park core.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Early Saka to Wusun Transition · Saka–Wusun
Zhetytobe south: 6 adobe-ring Saka kurgans 3 km south of Seven Hills core, Turkestan Ridge.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Eneolithic Chalcolithic; Khvalynsk pre-Yamnaya · Khvalynsk culture (Volga Eneolithic) → Repin → Yamnaya
Volga Eneolithic type cemetery (200 graves, 4700–3900 BCE) — Khvalynsk culture copper maces, ochre burials and earliest steppe horse sacrifice, pre-Yamnaya origin.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Middle Sarmatian · Sarmatian frontier
Kyzyl-Tobe north outpost: 18-m isolated kurgan with rampart overlooking Uil River ford.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Early Saka (Saka Tigraxauda) · Saka Tigraxauda (Almaty Saka)
Boralday west: 7 Saka mounds 45–72 m extending park 4 km toward Almaty plain.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Middle to Late Sarmatian · Late Sarmatian
Karaoba west: 7 chalk-marl kurgans extending field N-S 1.8 km toward Caspian lowland.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Early Saka Tasmola (6th–5th c. BCE) · Tasmola culture
Besoba terrace satellite: 32-m Tasmola kurgan 340 m south of steppe pyramid mausoleum, Karaganda.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Early Iron Age; Sarmatian (Middle Sarmatian) Alanic · Scythian → Sarmatian (Sirachi/Alanic)
1st c. CE Sarmatian elite kurgan with Novocherkassk gold hoard — catacomb chamber, gold diadem, Parthian silver and Bosporan imports, Azov Sarmatian apogee.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Early Bronze Age; Late Maikop → Novosvobodnaya → Dolmen culture · Maikop → Novosvobodnaya (dolmen phase) → Yamnaya fringe
Late Maïkop–Novosvobodnaya dolmen kurgans (3300–2600 BCE) under kurgan mounds — 5 m slab dolmen with Mesopotamian cylinder seal, bridging Maïkop elite to Yamnaya.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Tasmola Early Saka (5th c. BCE) · Tasmola
Taldy-2 satellite: 24-m Tasmola maiden kurgan 800 m south of royal Arystan, Karaganda steppe.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Late Yamnaya → Catacomb → Srubnaya · Yamnaya → Catacomb Grave culture → Srubnaya (Timber Grave)
Kalmyk steppe Catacomb Grave kurgans (2800–2200 BCE) with shaft-and-niche chambers cut into Yamnaya mounds — post-Yamnaya chariot horizon and ‘caterpillar’ pottery.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Kurgan
Lower Eneolithic → Repin → Classic Yamnaya (Pit Grave) · Sredny Stog / Trypillia → Repin → Yamnaya (Pit Grave culture)
Yamnaya triple settlement on Dnieper (3600–2600 BCE) — Lower Trypillian fort, Middle Repin–Yamnaya ditch and Upper Yamnaya town with adjacent Pit Grave kurgans, birthplace of Yamnaya culture.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Late Bronze Age; Srubnaya post-Catacomb · Catacomb → Srubnaya (Timber Grave) → Andronovo influence
Ilek River Srubnaya cemetery (1800–1200 BCE) with timber-framed ‘srub’ grave chambers, grooved pottery and Late Bronze steppe pastoral expansion.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Early Sarmatian (Sauromatian) · Sauromatian–Early Sarmatian
Syntas west: 9 Sarmatian kurgans on Aktobe ridge crest with deer-stone stelae.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Late Chalcolithic → Early Bronze; Maikop period · Darkveti-Meshoko → Maikop (Kuban) → Late Maikop/Novosvobodnaya
Maikop Ostadniy elite kurgan (11 m high, 200 m diam., c.3500 BCE) with gold lions, Mesopotamian seals and Caucasus dolmen context — Uruk–Caucasus Early Bronze elite.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Iron Age; Scythian (Early Scythian) Maikop-reuse · Cimmerian → Scythian (Arzhan-derived) → Kuban Scythian
7th c. BCE royal Scythian timber kurgan (12 m) with 28 horse sacrifice — Scythian Animal Style gold, akinakes swords and Greek imports, earliest Kuban Scythian.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Neolithic–Eneolithic; Samara forager to stock-herder · Samara culture (Volga Neolithic) → Khvalynsk → Yamnaya
Volga Neolithic Samara type sites (5500–4800 BCE) — pit-house villages and Mariupol cemeteries on Sokol bend, defining early steppe pottery and forager transition.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Tasmola to Sarmatian Transition · Tasmola → Sarmatian
Korgantas east: 28-m Tasmola–Sarmatian transitional kurgan 3 km east of type site, Karaganda.
