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CategoriesKurgans
Steppe burial mounds heaped over pit graves, from the Caucasus to the Altai.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Early Iron Age (Arzhan-Chertomlyk) · Arzhan (Early Scythian / Saka Royal)
Second terrace north of Uyuk River (950 m, 52°03′N 93°51′E) in the Tuva Valley of the Kings, complementing Arzhan 1 (9th c BCE) and Arzhan 2 (7th c BCE) on south terrace and Tunnug 1 (9th c) centre.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Early Iron Age (Pazyryk culture) · Pazyryk (Altai Scythian)
Katun River headwaters kurgan field (973 m, 50°16′11″N 85°36′39″E 50.2697,85.6108) on moraine terrace above Katun (Ust-Koksa village 973 m, Dfc climate, UTC+7), bridging Pazyryk culture (5th-3rd c…
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Early Iron Age (Scythian / Uyuk-Sagly) · Uyuk / Sagly Scythian (Arzhan-derived)
Mid-Uyuk-Seedling kurgan chain (850 m, 51°43′N 94°27′E) in Ulug-Khem (Upper Yenisei) floodplain north of Kyzyl, on terrace between Tuva's Uyuk Valley (Arzhan) and Sayan foothills.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Early Saka (Tiglaxaus vs Saka Tigraxauda) · Saka (Saka Tigraxauda) royal
Besshatyr south row: 6 royal kurgans (52–78 m) 500 m south of northern royal row, Altyn-Emel.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Early Sarmatian (500–300 BCE) · Early Sarmatian / Aorsi
Tört Oba (‘Four Mounds’) group near Zhirenkopa village at northwest Aktobe Oblast threshold to Orenburg steppe (145 m), studied by Samashev 2010.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Early Saka Tigraxauda peak · Saka Tigraxauda royal
Boralday Royal 15: 92-m triple-circle Saka mound with 180 gold appliqués, park core.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Eneolithic Chalcolithic; Khvalynsk pre-Yamnaya · Khvalynsk culture (Volga Eneolithic) → Repin → Yamnaya
Volga Eneolithic type cemetery (200 graves, 4700–3900 BCE) — Khvalynsk culture copper maces, ochre burials and earliest steppe horse sacrifice, pre-Yamnaya origin.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Middle to Late Sarmatian · Late Sarmatian
Karaoba west: 7 chalk-marl kurgans extending field N-S 1.8 km toward Caspian lowland.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Late Yamnaya → Catacomb → Srubnaya · Yamnaya → Catacomb Grave culture → Srubnaya (Timber Grave)
Kalmyk steppe Catacomb Grave kurgans (2800–2200 BCE) with shaft-and-niche chambers cut into Yamnaya mounds — post-Yamnaya chariot horizon and ‘caterpillar’ pottery.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Late Bronze Age; Srubnaya post-Catacomb · Catacomb → Srubnaya (Timber Grave) → Andronovo influence
Ilek River Srubnaya cemetery (1800–1200 BCE) with timber-framed ‘srub’ grave chambers, grooved pottery and Late Bronze steppe pastoral expansion.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Early Sarmatian (Sauromatian) · Sauromatian–Early Sarmatian
Syntas west: 9 Sarmatian kurgans on Aktobe ridge crest with deer-stone stelae.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Iron Age; Scythian (Early Scythian) Maikop-reuse · Cimmerian → Scythian (Arzhan-derived) → Kuban Scythian
7th c. BCE royal Scythian timber kurgan (12 m) with 28 horse sacrifice — Scythian Animal Style gold, akinakes swords and Greek imports, earliest Kuban Scythian.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Saka (500–250 BCE) · Saka Tigrakhauda
Eastern outliers 8 km east of Boralday Archaeological Park (790 m) on Ili piedmont steppe toward Ili River branch. Six mounds 28–62 m diam, 3–7 m high with ditch rings (22–48 m) visible on satellite.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Neolithic–Eneolithic; Samara forager to stock-herder · Samara culture (Volga Neolithic) → Khvalynsk → Yamnaya
Volga Neolithic Samara type sites (5500–4800 BCE) — pit-house villages and Mariupol cemeteries on Sokol bend, defining early steppe pottery and forager transition.
🇱🇰 Sri Lanka · Tumulus
Neolithic (6000–3000 BCE) · Neolithic
Deep Shelter Burial Mound in North Central Province, Sri Lanka is a Neolithic (6000–3000 BCE) tumulus attributed to Neolithic culture.
🇵🇹 Portugal · Tumulus
Chalcolithic (4500–3300 BCE) · Chalcolithic
Baraka Burial Mound in Alentejo, Portugal is a Chalcolithic (4500–3300 BCE) tumulus attributed to Chalcolithic culture.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Bronze to Iron Age (2500–300 BCE) · Scythian / Saka
Taksay — Kurgan 6 Gold Ornament Cache (West Kazakhstan) in West Kazakhstan, Taksay, Kazakhstan is a Bronze to Iron Age (2500–300 BCE) kurgan attributed to …
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Bronze to Iron Age (2500–300 BCE) · Scythian / Saka
Issyk — Golden Warrior Kurgan Ancillary Ditch in Almaty, Issyk, Kazakhstan is a Bronze to Iron Age (2500–300 BCE) kurgan attributed to Scythian / Saka. Sys…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tumulus
Chalcolithic (4500–3300 BCE) · Chalcolithic
Tumulus of Eilean Doab in Central Anatolia, Turkey is a Chalcolithic (4500–3300 BCE) tumulus attributed to Chalcolithic culture.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Late Sarmatian to Early Hunnic (100–400 CE) · Late Sarmatian–Alan / Early Hun
North apex cluster on Karagash steppe at Emba River northward bend (220 m) with 8 kurgans 22–44 m, 1.5–4 m high.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Saka (550–380 BCE) · Semirechye Saka
Promontory outliers on southwestern Sholak foothill piedmont (745 m) 5 km east of Besshatyr core (674 m Silkadv).
🇺🇸 United States · Tumulus
Mississippian (800–1600 CE) · Mississippian
Estuary West Tumulus in Ohio, United States is a Mississippian (800–1600 CE) tumulus attributed to Mississippian culture.
🇰🇷 South Korea · Tumulus
Andean Formative (1800–200 BCE) · Andean Formative
Spur Bal Tumulus in Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea is a Andean Formative (1800–200 BCE) tumulus attributed to Andean Formative culture.
🇻🇳 Vietnam · Tumulus
Nazca (100 BCE–800 CE) · Nazca
Tumulus of Hunstanton-Force in Quang Nam, Vietnam is a Nazca (100 BCE–800 CE) tumulus attributed to Nazca culture.
