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CategoriesAncient ports
Harbours, quays and anchorages that moved cargo before the coastline shifted.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Submycenaean to Classical (1100–386 BCE) · Ionian Greek (Klazomenai)
Archaic olive-press metropolis 650 BCE — earliest olive mills & Klazomenian sarcophagi.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Archaic to Roman (700 BCE – 400 CE) · Karian–Ionian Iasians with Athenian attachment
Harbour hill temple atop agora overlooking double harbours and garum vats.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Punic to Islamic (6th c. BCE–11th c. CE) · Punic / Roman (Tripolitana)
Oasis harbour at Wadi Gabes mouth with palm-grove cothon.
🇮🇱 Israel · Ancient city
Middle Bronze Age to Roman (2000 BCE–200 CE) · Canaanite / Phoenician / Sea Peoples (Sikils)
Tel Dor — Phoenician Port in Carmel Coast, Israel is a Middle Bronze Age to Roman (2000 BCE–200 CE) ancient-city attributed to Canaanite / Phoenician / Sea Peoples (Sikils).
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Predynastic to Ptolemaic (4000 BCE–30 BCE) · Egyptian Delta cult centre
Buto — Lagoon Harbour Annex in Kafr el-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt is a Predynastic to Ptolemaic (4000 BCE–30 BCE) submerged-city attributed to Egyptian Delta cult centre.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient port
Phoenician 8th c. BCE → Mauretanian Juba II 25 BCE → Roman Tingitana · Phoenician → Mauretanian (Juba) → Roman
Lixus excavated by Montalban & Ponsich 1947–, Atlantic garum capital of Tingitana.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Medieval to Ottoman (12th–20th c CE) · Beja–Ottoman Swahili-type coral city
Suakin — Coral Port City in Red Sea State, Sudan is a Medieval to Ottoman (12th–20th c CE) ancient-city attributed to Beja–Ottoman Swahili-type coral city.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Tell
Mature Harappan (2600–1900 BCE) · Harappan coastal fort
Sotka Koh — Makran Harappan Estuary Fort in Balochistan, Pakistan is a Mature Harappan (2600–1900 BCE) tell attributed to Harappan coastal fort.
🇬🇷 Greece · Buried city
Classical to Late Roman (333 BCE – 365 CE) · Greek / Hellenistic / Roman
333 BCE closed harbour of Phalasarna now stranded +6.6 m above sea by the AD 365 Crete earthquake — rock-cut basin and canal uplifted overnight.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Hellenistic to Late Antique (275 BCE – 550 CE) · Ptolemaic / Roman
Northern lagoon harbour of Berenike Troglodytica — 70 m fort mole at –1.5 m and fort wall.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Middle Kingdom (1991–1783 BCE) · Middle Kingdom Egyptian
Northern Pharaonic anchorage of Wadi Gawasis north — 55 m breakwater at –1.5 m and cedar timbers.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Hellenistic (309–281 BCE primary; to Roman 100 CE) · Hellenistic Macedonian
Northern distributary harbour of Lysimacheia on Hebros — 80 m quay at –2.2 m and palace causeway.
🇨🇾 Cyprus · Buried city
Late Bronze Age (1600–1050 BCE) · Cypriot-Alashiyan / Mycenaean / Levantine
Alashiya capital 1600 BCE — Pedieos estuary harbour 400x200 m silted 3 km inland with Cyclopean walls 15 m thick and copper oxhide ingots.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Roman to Early Islamic (1 CE – 800 CE) · Roman / Byzantine / Early Islamic
Southern roadstead of Quseir al-Qadim — 65 m coral breakwater at –3 m and mangrove quay.
🇳🇱 Netherlands · Buried city
Medieval (1200–1632 CE) · Dutch / Flemish / Zeelandic
Zeeland third city 1374 — 84 m church and brick quays at −3 m in Oosterschelde, drowned 1530–1632 after St Felix flood.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Middle Kingdom to Byzantine (2000 BCE – 400 CE) · Egyptian / Ptolemaic
Southern lake approach of Narmouthis at Medinet Madi — 45 m dromos quay and 70 m basin.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Late Period to Late Antique (600 BCE – 400 CE) · Egyptian / Greek / Ptolemaic / Roman
Mendes twin capital — Mendesian Branch harbour 400x150 m with 120 perfume workshops and 70 kilns, now 2 m sebkha.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Archaic to Hellenistic (550 BCE – 50 BCE) · Sindian / Milesian Greek / Bosporan
Cape roadstead of Bata on Gelendzhik Bay — 50 m breakwater at –3.5 m and quay at –2.8 m.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Predynastic to Late Antique (3300 BCE – 400 CE) · Egyptian / Thinite / New Kingdom / Late
Osiris mysteries canal — Shunet el-Zebib 2700 BCE enclosure (oldest standing 11 m walls) with sacred lake harbour 400x100 m for barque procession.
🇩🇪 Germany · Buried city
Medieval (1150–1362 CE) · Frisian / Danish
Edomsharde marsh capital drowned 16 Jan 1362 Grote Mandrenke — church terp and harbour channel at −1.5 m in Wadden flats 12 km off Pellworm.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
New Kingdom to Coptic (1500 BCE – 650 CE) · Egyptian / Greco-Roman
Northern limestone quarry harbour of Akoris 1–2 m under Nile silt below 40 m cliffs — slipway 60 m with rope grooves and quarry chapel.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
New Kingdom to Coptic (1500 BCE – 650 CE) · Egyptian / Greco-Roman
Northern limestone quarry harbour of Akoris 1–2 m under Nile silt below 40 m cliffs — slipway 60 m with rope grooves and quarry chapel.
🇮🇹 Italy · Submerged site
Archaic to Late Antique (700 BCE – 400 CE) · Greek Syracusan / Roman
Syracusan colony 700 BCE — 120 m submerged ashlar quay at −3 m on the Tellaro mouth where Athenians landed in 413 BCE.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Submerged site
Archaic to Late Antique (550 BCE – 400 CE) · Cimmerian / Bosporan / Scythian
Northern lagoon marina of hillfort Kimmerikon below Opuk North — 45 m quay at –1.2 m and fish-pond.
