🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Elaiussa Sebaste
Hellenistic to Byzantine (c.200 BCE–700 CE) · Cappadocian royal → Roman client kingdom
Augustan island-promontory city at Ayaş with hillside theatre, harbour islet and Achilles agora mosaics.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Sabratha
Phoenician to Byzantine (c.500 BCE–643 CE; monumental Roman 1st–3rd c CE) · Phoenician / Punic / Hellenistic / Roman / Byzantine
Tripolitanian Phoenician port (5th c BCE) with Hellenistic and then Roman city: Theatre of Sabratha – most complete Roman theatre in Africa (Marcus Aurelius era 175–200 CE, cavea 92.6 m, three-storey…
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Leptis Magna
Phoenician to Byzantine (7th c BCE–643 CE; Severan peak 193–235 CE) · Phoenician / Punic / Roman / Byzantine
Best-preserved Roman city in Africa, Leptis Magna Phoenician foundation (7th c BCE) expanded under Emperor Septimius Severus (193–211 CE native son): Arch of Septimius Severus, Basilica…
🇯🇴 Jordan · Ancient city
Jerash (Gerasa)
Hellenistic to Early Islamic (c.332 BCE–749 CE, peak 1st–3rd c CE) · Graeco-Roman / Nabataean / Byzantine / Umayyad
One of the best-preserved Greco-Roman cities in the Near East, Gerasa was a Decapolis city with colonnaded cardo, two tetrapylons, Hadrian's Arch (129 CE), Oval Plaza, Temple of Artemis and Temple of…
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Timgad (Thamugadi)
Roman to Byzantine (100 CE–6th c; peak 2nd–3rd c) · Roman / Berber / Byzantine
Exemplar Roman colonial grid city founded ex nihilo by Trajan c.100 CE for veterans of Third Augustan Legion, Timgad displays perfect castrum plan: square 355×250 m, decumanus and cardo crossing at…
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Volubilis
Mauretanian to Early Islamic (3rd c BCE Berber settlement; Roman 25 BCE–285 CE; Idrisid 788 CE) · Mauretanian / Roman / Berber / Early Islamic (Idrisid)
Roman Mauretania Tingitana capital with 42 ha walled city, Volubilis preserves 2nd–3rd c town: Decumanus Maximus 400 m, Forum, Capitol, Basilica, Arch of Caracalla (217 CE erected for Caracalla and…