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Mounds made of layer upon layer of settlement.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient village
Neolithic 2300–1500 → Chalcolithic 1500–600 BCE → NBPW 600 BCE · Kaimur Neolithic–Chalcolithic — Vindhyan–Gangetic transition
Senuwar Bihar Neolithic Mound — Neolithic–Chalcolithic village (2300–600 BCE) on Kaimur plateau edge near Son River, excavated 1986–91 by B.P. Singh (BHU).
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Late Chalcolithic to Hellenistic (3500 BCE–100 BCE) · Chalcolithic Cilician → Hittite → Neo-Hittite → Hellenistic
Tatarlı Höyük South Acropolis is the southern citadel mound of Tatarlı Höyük on the Cilician plain west of the Ceyhan River — controlling the Kizzuwatna–Assyria (Qode) route.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Late Chalcolithic Late Uruk (3800–3100 BCE) · Late Uruk (South Mesopotamian colony)
Tell Habuba Kabira South Mound is the 10-ha southern colony mound of Habuba Kabira — the largest Late Uruk urban transplant outside Sumer (22 ha gridded walled city).
🇧🇬 Bulgaria · Ancient city
Late Neolithic to Chalcolithic (Karanovo–Varna sequence) · Hamangia → Varna → Gumelnița associated
Earliest prehistoric town in Europe (c.5600–4350 BCE, Late Neolithic–Chalcolithic) — fortified stone-walled (3 m thick) salt-production centre at Mirovo rock salt spring, the oldest salt mine in…
🇮🇱 Israel · Tell
Chalcolithic through Byzantine (c.5000 BCE–749 CE); EBA, MB–LB Canaanite/Egyptian, Iron I–II, Hellenistic-Roman-Byzantine · Chalcolithic–EBA Canaanite → New Kingdom Egyptian garrison → Israelite → Decapolis (Scythopolis)
Egyptian garrison tell (1450–1130 BCE) + EBA–Byzantine Beth Shean — 11 cities with Mekal temple and 749 CE earthquake debris (c.5000 BCE–749 CE).
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
PPNA–PPNB through Halaf (c.9500–7500 BCE; Halaf 6000–5500 BCE) · Taş Tepeler PPN (PPNA–PPNB forager-cultivators) and Halaf village
PPN hillside tell (c.9500–7500 BCE) with round houses and failed-precursor T-pillar — Taş Tepeler domestic village.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
EB III to Byzantine · Yamhad/Amorite → Hittite → Neo-Assyrian → Byzantine
Old Babylonian Amanus-pass palace-fortress Tilmen with lion gate, archive and Yamhad vassal capital.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient village
Chalcolithic Ahar-Banas 3000–1500 BCE → Early Historic 6th c BCE · Ahar-Banas Chalcolithic (Mewar) — Black-and-Red Ware
Balathal Chalcolithic Mound — type-site of Ahar-Banas complex ( Chalcolithic 3000–1500 BCE with Early Historic overlay) excavated 1994–2000 by V.N.
🇦🇿 Azerbaijan · Tell
Neolithic (late 7th–6th millennium BCE); Shomu–Shulaveri–Aratashen horizon · Shomu–Aratashen (Caucasian Early Neolithic; Shulaveri parallel)
South Caucasian Neolithic type-site (c.6300–5000 BCE) — 7 horizons of round mudbrick houses founding Shomu–Aratashen.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Kerma Classic to New Kingdom to Napatan (2500 BCE–750 BCE, plus later) · Kerma and Egyptian colonial (New Kingdom)
12 km Nubian Nile island with Kerma pyramids and New Kingdom pharaonic fortress (2500 BCE–Ottoman).
🇮🇳 India · Ancient village
Chalcolithic 1300–1200 → Early Iron Age 1200–300 BCE · Vidarbha Chalcolithic → Iron Age transition — Adam facies
Adam Wainganga Mound — Iron Age Chalcolithic–Megalithic transition site (1300–300 BCE) on Nag River at Kuhi, first recognized Chalcolithic-to-Iron Age mound in Vidarbha, excavated 1988–89 and…
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Chalcolithic to Middle Bronze (5000 BCE–1700 BCE) · Hassuna → Halaf → Ninevite V → Akkadian → Habur → Shubat-Enlil (Assyrian)
Tell Leilan (Shubat-Enlil) Satellite Mound is the 8.5-ha outer suburb 1.2 km southwest of Tell Leilan — capital of Shamshi-Adad I's Kingdom of Upper Mesopotamia (Shubat-Enlil, 1800 BCE).
🇪🇬 Egypt · Tell
MK through Roman; Saite-Persian peak · Middle Kingdom → Hyksos → Saite Necho II → Persian Achaemenid → Ptolemaic
Wadi Tumilat gateway tell — Middle Kingdom fort, Hyksos, Saite grain silos (600 m³) and Darius I canal station, biblical Pithom/Heroöpolis.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Ancient city
Late Chalcolithic Trypillia C1 (3800–3500 BCE) Southern Bug · Cucuteni-Trypillia C1 (Varvarovka variant, Usatovo contact)
Varvarovka (Varvarovca) — cluster of Cucuteni-Trypillia C1 settlements Varvarovka VIII and XV (c.3800–3500 BCE, 5–10 ha each) on Southern Bug right bank at Varvarovka village, Mykolaiv NW suburb, Bug…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
PPNA through PPNB and early Pottery Neolithic · PPNA/PPNB Pre-Pottery Neolithic (Euphrates-Tigris transitional)
Ilısu north-bank mega hamlet (10300–7200 BCE) with 20 m pillared communal building — T-pillar stelae and largest PPNA stone assemblage in Upper Tigris, Mardin salvage.
🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient city
Early Bronze Age Helmand–Jiroft horizon (c.3200–1800 BCE; variant 3200–2350 then eclipse) · Helmand/Sistan Bronze Age (Burnt City culture) — network with Shahr-i Sokhta, Mundigak, Indus
151 ha Burnt City between Sumer and Indus — animated goat bowl, artificial eye and 40,000 graves.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Tell
Early Dynastic III through Ur III/Isin-Larsa (c.2600–1900 BCE); ED III, Akkadian, Ur III · ED III Diyala → Akkadian → Ur III provincial Hamrin
Hamrin cemetery tell with 200 ED III–Ur III shaft graves — Fujii’s Diyala–Zagros transition necropolis (Songor A–C).
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Late Neolithic Halaf to Halaf-Ubaid Transition (6100–5300 BCE) · Halaf → Northern Ubaid (HUT)
Halaf-Ubaid Transition type-section — 10 m Halaf stratigraphy on Khabur headwater.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient village
Pottery Neolithic to Early Bronze (6000–3000 BCE; peak LCh–Uruk 4500–3100 BCE) · Halaf-Ubaid → Late Chalcolithic north Mesopotamian → Uruk fringe
Upper Tigris concentric Chalcolithic complex with Uruk Bevelled Rim contact horizon.
🇱🇧 Lebanon · Tell
Neolithic through Iron Age and Byzantine (c.5000 BCE–600 CE); Chalcolithic, EBA–MB, LB II Amarna Kumidi, Iron–Persian · Chalcolithic → EBA–MBA Beqaa → LB Egyptian vassal (Kumidi) → Iron Phoenician–Persian → Hellenistic
Beqaa Kumidi — Amarna Egyptian vassal palace with cuneiform archive and fresco (26 m, 16 m stratigraphy, LB II).
🇪🇬 Egypt · Tell
Third Intermediate through Late-Byzantine; TI fortress phase · Theban High Priest (21st) → Libyan 22nd → Saite → Graeco-Roman
Third Intermediate border fortress (1070 BCE) with 12 m bastioned wall on Nile cliff — Theban–Tanite frontier garrison, Amenhotep III temple, priestly necropolis and Hibeh papyri.
🇬🇷 Greece · Ancient village
Late Neolithic to Mycenaean (c.4800–1200 BCE) · Thessalian Late Neolithic (Dimini) and Mycenaean Iolkos area
Dimini (Late Neolithic c.4800–4000 BCE, Early Helladic 2800–2000 BCE) 5 km northwest of Volos is a fortified hill settlement 0.8 ha with six concentric stone circuit walls 2–3 m thick enclosing a…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
PPNA to early PPNB (Late Epipaleolithic → Neolithic) · Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPNA, Upper Tigris forager-cultivators)
PPNA buried village (11200–9500 cal BP) with 400 burials under round-house floors — Upper Tigris type-site for Neolithic mortuary behaviour, Ilısu salvage.
🇮🇱 Israel · Tell
Late Chalcolithic through EB III–MBA (c.3500–2200 BCE); Late Chalcolithic, EB Ia–III Egyptian contact · Ghassulian → EBA I–III Canaanite urban with Naqada IIIb Egyptian colony (1st Dynasty)
25 ha EBA fortified town with Egyptian Colony (Dynasty 0–1) and EB IB wall — S. Yeivin gateway tell to Hebron hills.
