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Mounds made of layer upon layer of settlement.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
EB to Roman (c.3000 BCE–200 CE; karum 2100–1700 BCE, 22k tablets) · Anatolian → Old Assyrian karum (kārum) → Hittite Kanesh
Kültepe is ancient Kanesh/Nesa — the Assyrian merchant colony (karum) with 22,000 Old Assyrian cuneiform tablets (largest OB archive) documenting bronze–silver...
🇯🇴 Jordan · Tell
Period Iron Age · Regional culture Mideast-Tell
Tell of Painted Ware Mideast 23 — Jordan Region 11 in Jordan Region 11, Jordan is a Iron Age tell with stratified deposits and regional significance. Excavations reveal architectural phasing.
🇮🇱 Israel · Ancient city
MB II–LB I (c.1850–1550 BCE) · Canaanite MB II with Aegean influence → Phoenician
Palatial MB II Canaanite centre (32 ha) with Minoan-style painted plaster palace (c.1850–1550 BCE), excavated by Aharon...
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Bronze Age to Byzantine · Hattian/Hittite → Phrygian → Galatian Celtic → Roman
Galatian Trocmi capital at Büyüknefes with Hellenistic walls, Roman avenue and Bryaxis Zeus emporion.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Ptolemaic to Late Roman (275 BCE – 500 CE) · Greco-Roman Fayum
Western granary quarter of Karanis 1–3 m buried west of main tell — vaulted horrea 30×15 m and canal sluice at –2 m.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Late Neolithic through Early Bronze Age II (c.6700-2750 BCE) · Aegean-Neolithic to Chalcolithic to Western Anatolian EBA
Neolithic-EBA shoreline tell (6680-2750 BCE) at Ephesus — earliest Aegean copper workshop and EBA walled village.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Tell
Formative Olmec (c.1500–500 BCE); Early–Middle Formative 1500–700 BCE (Olmec apogee 900–500 BCE), Late Formative 500–100 BCE, Epiclassic 500–900 CE · Olmec (Gulf Coast style) → Highland central Mexican Formative (Tlatilco–Olmec) → Late Formative Morelos
Olmec Highland hill-carved ceremonial terraces (c.1500–500 BCE) with 9 Olmec relief panels outside Gulf heartland (Grove).
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient village
Pre-Pottery Neolithic (7400-6000 BCE) · Anatolian Neolithic
Catalhoyuk South Area Midden Trench 5 — Southern Extension in Central Anatolia, Konya, Turkey is a Pre-Pottery Neolithic (7400-6000 BCE) ancient village attributed to Anatolian Neolithic.
🇮🇷 Iran · Tell
Chalcolithic (4500–3500 BCE) · NE Iran Chalcolithic
Chalcolithic (4500–3500 BCE) tell of NE Iran Chalcolithic in North Khorasan, Jajarm (c.4500 BCE).
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Ptolemaic to Late Roman (275 BCE – 350 CE) · Greco-Roman Fayum
West-central Fayum vineyard village Theadelphia 1–2 m buried at Bat el-Harun — Psenpheros temple 15×12 m at –1 m and canal quay 50 m.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient village
Pre-Pottery Neolithic (7400-6000 BCE) · Anatolian Neolithic
Catalhoyuk South Area Midden Trench 5 in Central Anatolia, Konya, Turkey is a Pre-Pottery Neolithic (7400-6000 BCE) ancient village attributed to Anatolian Neolithic.
🇵🇸 Palestine · Tell
Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (9600-8500 BCE) · Natufian-PPN
Jericho Pre-Pottery Tower Annex North — Western Terrace in Jericho Governorate, Palestine is a Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (9600-8500 BCE) tell attributed to Natufian-PPN.
🇮🇷 Iran · Tell
Late Chalcolithic Bakun phase (c.4800–4000 BCE); Ubaid-related Bakun painted ware · Bakun (Fars Chalcolithic) with Ubaid–Susiana ties and early Elamite precursor
Bakun painted Chalcolithic capital (c.4800–4000 BCE) with 20-room admin complex and seals — Marvdasht chiefdom precursor (Persepolis 7 km).
🇮🇷 Iran · Tell
Chalcolithic-Early Bronze (4000-2800 BCE) · Proto-Elamite
Tepe Sialk Necropolis B Extension South — Western Terrace in Isfahan, Kashan, Iran is a Chalcolithic-Early Bronze (4000-2800 BCE) tell attributed to Proto-Elamite.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Tell
Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age (4500–2000 BCE) · Chalcolithic–EBA
Ur Buried Pit Grave PG1420 Gold Dagger Hoard in Dhi Qar, Ur, Iraq is a Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age (4500–2000 BCE) tell attributed to Chalcolithic–EBA.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Ancient city
Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) · Bronze Age
Nimrud Buried Northwest Palace Throne Room Bas-Relief Base in Nineveh, Nimrud, Iraq is a Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) ancient city attributed to Bronze Age.
🇮🇷 Iran · Pyramid
Early to Middle Bronze Age (Giyan III–IV) · Elamite / Highland Zagros (Giyan culture)
Zagros highland terrace shrine at Tepe Giyan c.2800–1700 BCE — 40 m proto-ziggurat mound linking Elamite terraces to later Median fire temples.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) · Bronze Age
Tell Leilan Acropolis Palace East Wing in Al-Hasakah, Tell Leilan, Syria is a Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) ancient city attributed to Bronze Age.
🇵🇸 Palestine · Ancient city
Early Bronze to Iron Age (c. 3500 – 722 BCE) · Canaanite / Hyksos / Israelite–Canaanite / Assyrian
Mountain pass caravan port between Ebal and Gerizim – caravan quay platform 40×20 m and fortress temple.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Ubaid → Late Chalcolithic Uruk → Nineveh 5 (5000–3000 BCE) · Ubaid → Late Chalcolithic Uruk → Nineveh 5 (5000–3000 BCE)
Tell Mashnaqa in Al-Hasakah Governorate, Khabur, near Kawkab, Syria is a Ubaid → Late Chalcolithic Uruk → Nineveh 5 (5000–3000 BCE) settlement attributed to Ubaid → Late Chalcolithic Uruk → Nineveh 5…
🇪🇬 Egypt · Tell
Third Intermediate (21st–22nd Dynasty) capital; Late Period · 21st Dynasty Tanite → Libyan 22nd Dynasty → Saite → Greek
Delta Third Intermediate capital (177 ha) built entirely from Pi-Ramesses spolia — 21st dynasty walled city with intact royal gold burials, biblical Zoan.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
EB IV to Byzantine (c.2400 BCE–600 CE; peak Iron II) · Eblaite → Amorite → Hittite/Mitanni → Neo-Hittite/Aramaean
Aramaean Hatarikka with alphabetic stele and Iron Age gate sphinxes atop 28 ha tell near Idlib.
🇷🇴 Romania · Burial field
Eneolithic Cucuteni A3–B (4500–3800 BCE) Moldavian Plateau · Cucuteni A3–B (Moldavian Iași variant)
Hoișești (Hoișești-La Pădure/La Izvor) — Cucuteni A3–B tell-necropolis (c.4500–3800 BCE, 2 ha settlement + extramural cemetery 50 graves) on Bahlui watershed, Iași County, Moldavian Plateau.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
PPNA to early PPNB (Late Epipaleolithic → Neolithic) · Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPNA, Upper Tigris forager-cultivators)
PPNA buried village (11200–9500 cal BP) with 400 burials under round-house floors — Upper Tigris type-site for Neolithic mortuary behaviour, Ilısu salvage.
