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Mounds made of layer upon layer of settlement.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Buried city
Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) · Local Neolithic
Tikal Twin Pyramid in Yucatán, Mexico is a Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) buried city attributed to Local Neolithic culture.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (8200–7000 BCE) · PPNB–Ramad culture
Tell Ramad — Damascus Basin Neolithic Village in Rif Dimashq Governorate, Syria is a Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (8200–7000 BCE) tell attributed to PPNB–Ramad culture.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Buried city
Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age
Altar Platform West in Jordan Valley, Jordan is a Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) buried city attributed to Bronze Age culture.
🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient city
Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) · Iron Age
Edfu Pyramid South in Khuzestan, Iran is a Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) ancient city attributed to Iron Age culture.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Akkadian to Old Babylonian (2600–1728 BCE) · Akkadian/Assyrian
Tell Leilan — Shubat-Enlil Eastern Palace in Hasakah Governorate, Khabur Triangle, Syria is a Akkadian to Old Babylonian (2600–1728 BCE) tell attributed to Akkadian/Assyrian culture.
🇵🇸 Palestine · Tell
Chalcolithic to Byzantine (4000 BCE–600 CE) · Canaanite / Egyptian / Philistine
Tell el-Ajjul — Gaza in Gaza Strip, Palestine is a Chalcolithic to Byzantine (4000 BCE–600 CE) tell attributed to Canaanite / Egyptian / Philistine.
🇮🇱 Israel · Tell
Early Bronze Age to Hellenistic (3500–150 BCE) · Canaanite / Phoenician / Assyrian
Tel Keisan — Acco Plain in Galilee coastal plain, Israel is a Early Bronze Age to Hellenistic (3500–150 BCE) tell attributed to Canaanite / Phoenician / Assyrian.
🇮🇷 Iran · Tell
Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) · Bronze Age
River Cut Section West in Susiana, Iran is a Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) tell attributed to Bronze Age culture. Systematic survey and LiDAR document architectural phasing and stratified deposits.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Ancient city
Ubaid to Persian (c.3800 BCE–300 BCE; Early Dynastic/Ur III peak 2600–2000 BCE) · Sumerian / Akkadian / Babylonian / Persian
Sumerian city-state of the moon god Nanna (Sîn), Ur famous for Woolley's excavations 1922–34: Ziggurat of Ur-Nammu (2112 BCE) best-preserved ziggurat, Royal Cemetery with Standard of Ur, Pu-abi's…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
EB to LB (c.3400–1200 BCE; peak Level VII palace 1740–1400) · Eblaite → Amorite → Mittani → Hittite
Tell Atchana is ancient Alalakh, capital of Mukish in the Amuq, famous for Level VII palace (Yarim-Lim) with painted frescoes, Level IV palace of Idrimi (statue...
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Ancient village
Neolithic (7000–2500 BCE; Aceramic 7000 BCE, Ceramic 5500 BCE) · Mehrgarh (pre-Harappan)
Bolan Mehrgarh excavated by Jarrige 1974–, 7000 BCE barley/wheat, 32,000 graves, earliest dentistry bow-drill.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Ancient city
Ubaid to Neo-Babylonian (4000–500 BCE) · Sumerian
Ur — Tell Muqayyar Diqdiqqah Residential in Dhi Qar Governorate, Euphrates, Iraq is a Ubaid to Neo-Babylonian (4000–500 BCE) ancient city attributed to Sumerian culture.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Halaf to Middle Ages (c.5800 BCE–1200 CE; Halaf-Ubaid transition type) · Halaf → Ubaid → Uruk → Early Bronze → Medieval
Altınova Halaf-Ubaid type mound (5800 BCE) 1 km from Norşuntepe, now under Keban Lake.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Neolithic to Ottoman (6000 BCE–1500 CE) continuous Adana · Kizzuwatna / Cilician
Tepebağ Mound — Adana in Adana Province, Turkey is a Neolithic to Ottoman (6000 BCE–1500 CE) continuous Adana tell attributed to Kizzuwatna / Cilician.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Tell
Mature Harappan (2600–1900 BCE) · Harappan coastal fort
Sotka Koh — Makran Harappan Estuary Fort in Balochistan, Pakistan is a Mature Harappan (2600–1900 BCE) tell attributed to Harappan coastal fort.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Temple complex
Uruk (4000–3100 BCE) · Sumerian
Warka Uruk — Anu South Precinct in Muthanna Governorate, Warka (Uruk), Iraq is a Uruk (4000–3100 BCE) temple complex attributed to Sumerian culture.
🇹🇲 Turkmenistan · Tell
BMAC Bronze Age (c.2400–1600 BCE; Togolok phase 2200–1800) · BMAC (Togolok temple of Gonur)
Togolok 1 is the BMAC temple-fort satellite of Gonur — 140-m square enclosure with corner towers, central bastioned cult fortress and fire ritual basin. Sariani...
🇮🇱 Israel · Tell
Canaanite to Iron Age (3500–500 BCE) · Canaanite
Tel Gezer — Shefela in Central District, Shefela, Israel is a Canaanite to Iron Age (3500–500 BCE) tell attributed to Canaanite culture.
🇹🇲 Turkmenistan · Tell
Neolithic–Chalcolithic (6000–3000 BCE) · Jeitun to Namazga I
Anau — North Mound Obsidian Workshop in Ahal Province, Turkmenistan is a Neolithic–Chalcolithic (6000–3000 BCE) tell attributed to Jeitun to Namazga I.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
PPNB (8700–7500 BCE) · PPNB (Aswadian)
Damascus oasis village excavated by de Contenson 1960s–2008, oldest plastered skulls with wheat/barley and domestication evidence.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Early Bronze Age (3000–2200 BCE) · Early Syrian (Kranzhügel)
Chuera excavated by Moortgat 1958–76 and Meyer, rare stone temple on tell, double wall with gates, early palace.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
PPNB–Halaf Transitional (6300–5500 BCE) · Balikh Halaf
Tell Assouad — Balikh Neolithic Settlement in Raqqa Governorate, Syria is a PPNB–Halaf Transitional (6300–5500 BCE) tell attributed to Balikh Halaf.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Tell
Kot Diji (3300–2600 BCE) · Kot Diji–Harappan
Kot Diji Mound — Khairpur Type Outlier East in Sindh, Pakistan is a Kot Diji (3300–2600 BCE) tell attributed to Kot Diji–Harappan.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Tell
Hassuna to Ubaid (c.5900–4300 BCE; Yarim multi-period) · Hassuna → Halaf → Ubaid (Yarim I–III)
Three-mound Hassuna-Halaf-Ubaid reference sequence (5900–4300 BCE) on Sinjar plain.
