Konar Sandal North
Konar Sandal North
Early–Middle Bronze (2700–2100 BCE)·Halil Rud (Jiroft)·🇮🇷 Kerman Province, Jiroft plain, Halil River, Iran
About
About Konar Sandal North
Konar Sandal North in Kerman Province, Jiroft plain, Halil River, Iran is a Early–Middle Bronze (2700–2100 BCE) ancient city attributed to Halil Rud (Jiroft). Northern citadel mound of Jiroft twin city. Stratified deposits with radiocarbon sequence and imported materials trace long-distance exchange. Systematic and rescue excavations exposed houses, fortifications and craft zones preserved as a multi-period tell on aerial imagery.
Why it mattersKey Halil Rud (Jiroft) sequence for Kerman Province, Jiroft plain, Halil River; defines regional chronology for Early–Middle Bronze.
Open questions
Mysteries & theories
Mysteries
- 01Phasing precision vs radiocarbon plateau
- 02Ritual vs domestic architecture?
Theories
- 01Regional centre model
- 02ceremonial/territorial marker
Theories are interpretations, not findings. The seal above tells you how much scholarly weight the place carries.
History
How it came to be
- Built
- c.2700–2100 BCE
- Period
- Early–Middle Bronze (2700–2100 BCE)
- Culture
- Halil Rud (Jiroft)
- Purpose
- Northern citadel mound of Jiroft twin city
- Rediscovered
- 2008 survey; systematic excavations
- Excavation
- Partially excavated
c.2700
Initial founding / earliest level
c.2000 BCE
Major architectural rephase — walls and houses rebuilt in stone/mudbrick
2003
Modern systematic excavations / rescue programme
On the ground
Structures & features
28.4500° N · 57.7800° E · 620 m · 3 mapped features
Konar Sandal North — Central mound/acropolis
structureMain stratified summit with houses/fortifications and sequence
28.4503° N · 57.7802° EKonar Sandal North — Lower town / extramural area
complexLower town or extramural cemetery/workshop zone
28.4496° N · 57.7803° EKonar Sandal North — Craft / midden quarter
workshopWorkshop or midden with pottery and tools
28.4502° N · 57.7796° E
Gallery