Konar Sandal South (Jiroft)
Konar Sandal South · Konar Sandal B · Jiroft Konar Sandal South
Early Dynastic III–Akkadian (c.2500–1900 BCE)·Halil (Jiroft) / Proto-Elamite late → Early Dynastic sphere·🇮🇷 Halil River, Jiroft plain, Kerman Province, Iran
About
About Konar Sandal South (Jiroft)
Monumental third-millennium citadel (13 ha, 21 m high mound with 300 m lower town) on the Halil River, excavated by Yousef Madjidzadeh. Konar Sandal South is the citadel platform with baked-brick fortification and monumental stairway; Konar Sandal North yielded the ‘Jiroft inscriptions’ on glazed bricks. Sequence c.2500–1900 BCE defines hypothesized ‘Jiroft/Aratta’ civilization.
Why it mattersKey Halil River, Jiroft plain, Kerman Province sequence for Early Dynastic III–Akkadian (c.2500–1900 BCE); citadel centre of hypothesized jiroft/aratta polity controlling halil corridor.
Open questions
Mysteries & theories
Mysteries
- 01Chronology of Konar Sandal South (Jiroft) relative to neighbouring centres?
Theories
- 01Regional centre hypothesis for Halil River
Theories are interpretations, not findings. The seal above tells you how much scholarly weight the place carries.
History
How it came to be
- Built
- c.2500 BCE citadel platform
- Period
- Early Dynastic III–Akkadian (c.2500–1900 BCE)
- Culture
- Halil (Jiroft) / Proto-Elamite late → Early Dynastic sphere
- Builders
- Halil (Jiroft) / Proto-Elamite late communities
- Purpose
- Citadel centre of hypothesized Jiroft/Aratta polity controlling Halil corridor
- Rediscovered
- 20th century survey
- Excavation
- Partially excavated
1960
Foundation/earliest horizon
1980
Major excavations
2020
Conservation/monitoring
On the ground
Structures & features
28.4500° N · 57.7800° E · 650 m · 2 mapped features
Citadel platform
citadelMonumental baked-brick citadel with stairway and fortification
28.4502° N · 57.7803° EChlorite workshop
workshopChlorite carving workshop with inlay and unfinished vessels
28.4498° N · 57.7797° E