Toprak-Kala — Khorezm Palace of Artaxerxes
Kushan–Khorezm (1st–3rd c. CE)·Khorezmian (Artav)·🇺🇿 Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan
About
About Toprak-Kala — Khorezm Palace of Artaxerxes
Toprak-Kala — Khorezm Palace of Artaxerxes in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan is a Kushan–Khorezm (1st–3rd c. CE) ancient-city attributed to Khorezmian (Artav). Fortified palace city 500 × 350 m with High Palace 80 × 80 m with wall paintings of kings. Tolstov Toprak-Kala High Palace with 30 m halls and painting of queen with attendants.
Why it mattersKey Khorezmian (Artav) hill site illustrating Anatolian settlement
Open questions
Mysteries & theories
Mysteries
- 01Hellenistic urbanism
- 02Lycian federation cult
Theories
- 01Mountain defensive settlement
- 02Sanctuary federation
Theories are interpretations, not findings. The seal above tells you how much scholarly weight the place carries.
History
How it came to be
- Built
- c. 100 CE
- Period
- Kushan–Khorezm (1st–3rd c. CE)
- Culture
- Khorezmian (Artav)
- Purpose
- Fortified palace city 500 × 350 m with High Palace 80 × 80 m with wall paintings of kings
- Excavation
- Partially excavated
c. 100 CE
Initial construction
c. 1900 CE
Systematic survey
On the ground
Structures & features
41.9300° N · 61.0300° E · 100 m · 3 mapped features
Toprak-Kala — Khorezm Palace of Artaxerxes — Theatre / Agora
theatrePublic building
41.9302° N · 61.0301° EToprak-Kala — Khorezm Palace of Artaxerxes — City Walls
wallsEnclosing walls
41.9298° N · 61.0302° EToprak-Kala — Khorezm Palace of Artaxerxes — Temple Precinct
templeTemple
41.9304° N · 61.0298° E