🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Deir el-Ballas South Palace
Second Intermediate to New Kingdom (c. 1600–1450 BCE) · Theban Egyptian (17th–18th Dynasty)
17th Dynasty war capital south palace (80×50 m) with workmen's village 150 houses.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Oxyrhynchus (El-Bahnasa) – City of Papyri
Pharaonic / Graeco-Roman · Egyptian / Greek / Roman
Nome capital whose rubbish mounds yielded 500,000+ Greek papyri (Grenfell & Hunt 1896–1906) – Sappho, Menander, Gospel of Thomas.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Paraetonium (Marsa Matruh) – Lagoon Fortress
Pharaonic to Byzantine (New Kingdom – 7th c CE; Ptolemaic port 300 BCE) · Egyptian / Ptolemaic / Roman / Byzantine
Egypt's western gate on Mediterranean lagoon, Paraetonium began as Ramesses II's western chain fort, then great Ptolemaic lagoon port with Alexander–Cleopatra stopover tradition; l...
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Cynopolis
Cynopolis (Greek: Κυνόπολις and Κυνῶν πόλις for "city of the dog") was the Hellenistic toponym for two cities in ancient Egypt. Both Cynopolis superior and Cynopolis inferior were bishoprics in Christian times.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Fortress
Tell el-Retaba (Wadi Tumilat Fortress)
Second Intermediate to Saite (c. 1800–525 BCE; Hyksos–Ramesside fortress) · Hyksos / New Kingdom Egyptian (Ramesside)
Wadi Tumilat gate fortress claimed as biblical Pithom/Succoth, with Hyksos glacis and Ramesside Tjeku fortress of Seti I (Pr-Atum). Excavated by Naville, Petrie and Polish mission...
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Coptos (Qift / Koptos) – Desert Gate of Gold & Incense
Predynastic to Roman · Egyptian / Roman
Caravan terminus of Wadi Hammamat road to Red Sea moving gold, bekhen-stone and incense. Temple of Min–Isis (Elkab-scale).
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Heliopolis (ancient Egypt)
Heliopolis (Jwnw, Iunu; Ancient Egyptian: 𓉺𓏌𓊖, romanized: jwnw, lit. 'the Pillars'; Coptic: ⲱⲛ, Biblical Hebrew: אֹן, romanized: ʾOn; Greek: Ἡλιούπολις, romanized: Hēlioúpolis, lit.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Aniba (Nubia)
Aniba was a village in Nubia, about 230 km south of Aswan. The place is today flooded by Lake Nasser. In ancient times it was an important town called Miam.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Ayn Sukhna — Southern Old Kingdom Gallery Harbour
Old to Middle Kingdom (2700–1700 BCE) · Old Kingdom Egyptian (Memphite)
Southern Pharaonic harbour of Ayn Sukhna — gallery caves and mole at 0.5–2.5 m in Gulf of Suez south bay.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Hermopolis (Lower Egypt)
Hermopolis (Greek: Ἑρμοῦ πόλις), also known as Hermopolis Mikra (City of Hermes/Thoth Small; Latin: Hermopolis Parva), was the Greek name for two cities in ancient Egypt, both in the Nile Delta, and…
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Akoris — Central Harbour Terrace at Tihna el-Gabal
Middle Kingdom to Coptic (2000 BCE – 600 CE) · Middle Kingdom Egyptian / Graeco-Roman
Central Nile harbour terrace of Akoris — rock-cut quay 40 m and basin at Tihna cliff foot buried 3–5 m.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Ayn Sukhna — Southern Old Kingdom Harbour (Galala South Gallery)
Old Kingdom (2650–2200 BCE) · Old Kingdom Egyptian
Southern Pharaonic harbour of Ayn Sukhna — 75 m jetty at –1.5 m and 10 gallery caves with Khufu jars.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Antinoopolis — Northern Harbour Bay of Antinoë (Sheikh Ibada North)
Roman to Byzantine (130 CE – 650 CE) · Roman / Hadrianic
Northern Nile bay of Hadrian's Antinoopolis — 120 m quay at +0.5 m and tetrastyle gate.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Marea — Western Harbour at Lake Mareotis West (Phi Loxene West)
Ptolemaic to Early Islamic (300 BCE – 800 CE) · Ptolemaic / Roman / Byzantine
Western wine harbour of Marea on Lake Mareotis — 90 m quay at –1.2 m and 120 m basin.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Tebtunis – Fayum Lake Moeris Harbour at Umm el-Baragat
Predynastic to Late Antique (3200 BCE – 600 CE) · Egyptian / Ptolemaic / Roman
Fayum canal capital — Bahr Yussef harbour 300x100 m now desert sebkha 3 km from shrunken Lake Moeris (40,000 papyri).
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Anthylla
Anthylla (Ancient Greek: Ἄνθυλλα) or Andylla (Ancient Greek: Ἀντυλλα) is an ancient city of Lower Egypt, on the Canopus branch of the Nile River.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Myos Hormos — Northern Anchorage at Marsa Nakari Mangrove (Marsa Alam North)
Ptolemaic to Late Roman (275 BCE – 250 CE) · Ptolemaic / Roman Egyptian
Northern mangrove roadstead of Myos Hormos at Marsa Nakari — timber jetty stumps at –1.5 m behind mangroves.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Philadelphia — Kom el-Kharaba Buried City at Fayum East (Gharaba)
Ptolemaic to Late Roman (285 BCE – 370 CE) · Ptolemaic / Greco-Roman Fayum
East Fayum Hippodamian city Philadelphia 1–2 m buried at Kom el-Kharaba — double agora 80×60 m at –1 m and grid 400 insulae.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Euhemeria — Qasr el-Banat Buried Town at Fayum North-Central (Kasr Banat) — v2
Ptolemaic to Late Roman (305 BCE – 350 CE) · Greco-Roman Fayum
North-central Fayum grain port Euhemeria 1–2 m buried at Qasr el-Banat — double Harpocrates temple at –1 m and harbour basin 100×80 m.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Bakchias — Kom el-Atl Buried Settlement at Fayum Central (Umm el-Atl) — v2
Ptolemaic to Late Roman (270 BCE – 300 CE) · Greco-Roman Fayum
Central Fayum vineyard port Bakchias 1–2 m buried at Kom el-Atl — Soknobkonneus temple at –1 m and wine press.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Pero-nakhet (Abu Billah) – Delta Emporion of the Canopic Coast
Bronze Age to Hellenistic (1570 – 300 BCE) · Hyksos / New Kingdom Egyptian / Late Period
15th c. BCE Thutmose III naval arsenal town on Canopic delta sandbar — quay now –1.5 to –3 m under Idku lagoon fish farms.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Karanis (Kom Aushim)
Ptolemaic to Late Roman (3rd c BCE–5th c CE; peak 1st–3rd c CE) · Ptolemaic Egyptian / Roman
Ptolemaic–Roman grain city Karanis with 85 ha mudbrick and papyri archive.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Hermopolis Magna (El-Ashmunein)
Old Kingdom to Islamic (2600 BCE–8th c CE; peak Middle and New Kingdom) · Ancient Egyptian / Greek
Thoth metropolis 15 ha with twin pylon-city and baboon colossi of Thutmose III in quartzite.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Archaeological wonder
Muzawaka (Dakhleh Oasis)
Old Kingdom to Islamic (2300 BCE–19th c; peak Roman) · Ancient Egyptian / Roman-Egyptian / Islamic oasis
Western Desert 100-km oasis with Muzawaka painted zodiac tombs and Ain Asil Old Kingdom governor palace.