🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Notion (Notium) — Temple of Apollo at Claros Outpost
Classical to Late Antiquity (500 BCE – 600 CE) · Aeolian Greek (Kolophonian) and Roman
Kolophon harbour city with Doric Apollo temple facing mother city.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Magnesia on the Maeander — Temple of Artemis Leukophryene
Archaic to Byzantine (1100 BCE – 600 CE) · Aeolian/Ionian Greek and Roman (Pergamene)
Hermogenes' pseudodipteral Artemis temple 150 BCE — Vitruvian beautiful after Ephesus.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Submerged site
Heraclea Pontica – Megarian Black Sea Harbour at Karadeniz Ereğli
Archaic to Ottoman (560 BCE – 1923 CE) · Megarian / Boeotian / Pontic Greek / Roman / Genoese
Megarian coal port 560 BCE — 110 m ashlar mole at −2 m off Ereğli with Heracles Acherusian cave above harbour where triremes wintered.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Tavium (Büyükkale / Büyüknefes)
Bronze Age to Byzantine · Hattian/Hittite → Phrygian → Galatian Celtic → Roman
Galatian Trocmi capital at Büyüknefes with Hellenistic walls, Roman avenue and Bryaxis Zeus emporion.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Kolophon — Ancient Ionian City
Geometric to Hellenistic (1100–133 BCE) · Ionian Greek (Kolophonian)
Ionian interior capital 12-city league famed for cavalry and Claros oracle mother city.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Hyllarima Temple of Zeus Hyllos — Kavaklıdere Upland
Classical to Roman · Carian, Hellenistic
850-m Kavaklıdere upland Zeus Hyllos 2nd BCE prostylos with agora odeion, Chrysaoric League pastoral city.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Royal Derinkuyu Reservoir I — Derinkuyu, Cappadocia (59-33)
Medieval (regional) · Medieval
Royal Derinkuyu Reservoir I — Derinkuyu, Cappadocia (59-33) at Derinkuyu, Cappadocia, Turkey is a Medieval (regional) ancient city of the Medieval tradition, built c.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Tarsus — Gözlükule Lower Terrace
Neolithic to Ottoman (6000 BCE–1500 CE) · Neolithic → EBA → Hittite → Neo-Assyrian → Hellenistic → Roman
Cilician gateway lower town — Hittite sealings to Roman grid (Goldman 1934).
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Aphrodisias North Agora Pylon — Extension
Hellenistic to Byzantine (300 BCE–600 CE) · Hellenistic–Roman (Aphrodisias)
Aphrodisias North Agora Pylon — Extension in Aydın Province, Turkey is a Hellenistic to Byzantine (300 BCE–600 CE) ancient-city attributed to Hellenistic–Roman (Aphrodisias).
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Gordion — Phrygian Outer Lower Town East
Phrygian to Persian (900–330 BCE) · Phrygian (Midas)
Gordion — Phrygian Outer Lower Town East in Ankara Province, Turkey is a Phrygian to Persian (900–330 BCE) ancient-city attributed to Phrygian (Midas).
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Ephesus (Efes)
Ionian to Byzantine · Ionian Greek / Roman
Ephesus (Efes) in Izmir Province, Turkey is a Ionian to Byzantine ancient city attributed to Ionian Greek / Roman culture. Inscribed UNESCO World Heritage Site (ID 1018).
🇹🇷 Turkey · Submerged site
Myndus – Drowned Carian Harbour at Gümüşlük
Archaic to Late Antique (700 BCE – 600 CE) · Dorian Greek / Carian / Roman / Byzantine
Dorian Myndus — 150 m causeway to Rabbit Island and drowned harbour walls at −3 m in Gümüşlük Bay, walkable at low tide.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Fortress
Meydancıkkale (Kirshu)
Iron Age to Hellenistic (c.800–100 BCE) · Neo-Assyrian → Neo-Babylonian → Achaemenid
Babylonian-Persian mountain fortress Kirshu on Taurus spur with palace terraces and 30 m tunnel.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Alinda Temple of Apollo — Karpuzlu Hilltop Agora
Hekatomnid to Hellenistic · Hekatomnid Carian, Hellenistic
Karpuzlu 350-m hilltop with 2-column Apollo prostylos and 3-km Hekatomnid walls, Queen Ada's refuge 340 BCE.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Submerged site
Kekova – Sunken City of Dolichiste (Simena)
Lycian to Byzantine (Hellenistic 4th c. BCE – 7th c. CE) · Lycian / Greek / Roman / Byzantine
Lycian harbour town Dolichiste subsided by 2nd c. earthquakes along 500 m of Kekova Island — sarcophagi awash.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Olba and Diocaesarea (Uzuncaburç)
Hellenistic to Byzantine (c.300 BCE–600 CE) · Seleucid priest-kings → Isaurian → Roman Cilician
Priest-kingdom Olba with colossal Zeus temple (five columns 11 m) and Diocaesarea colonnaded sacred way.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Hasankeyf
Assyrian to Ottoman (12th c. BCE–1920); peak Artukid–Ayyubid 12th–13th century · Assyrian → Roman → Byzantine → Artukid Kurdish → Ayyubid → Ottoman
Cliff-cut Tigris citadel with 10,000 caves, Artukid bridge and salvage-relocated Timurid tomb now under reservoir.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Ephesus — Terrace House 2 Peristyle Court East
Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age urban
Ephesus — Terrace House 2 Peristyle Court East in İzmir, Selçuk, Ephesus, Turkey is a Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) ancient city attributed to …
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Zincirli Höyük (Samʾal)
Late Bronze–Neo-Assyrian (c.1600–700 BCE; Kilamuwa dynasty 9th c.) · Hittite → Aramaean Samaliyya → Assyrian province
Perfect circular Aramaean capital Samʾal with inner citadel (double-entry) and outer town 40 ha.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Submerged site
Heraclea Pontica – Megarian Mole of Karadeniz Ereğli
Archaic Greek to Byzantine (560 BCE – 1453 CE) · Megarian Greek / Heraclean tyranny / Mithridatic
560 BCE Megarian tyrant harbour — 220 m ashlar mole now –1 to –4 m under Ereğli coal pier off Acheron cave.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Gritille Höyük — Karababa Lower South Terrace
Halaf to Medieval Islamic (6000 BCE–1300 CE; peak EBA–MBA) · Halaf → Ubaid → EBA Karababa → Neo-Hittite → Medieval
Deep Euphrates salvage sequence — Halaf to Medieval fort (12 m deposit).
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Magnesia Stadium-Gymnasium — Artemis Leukophryene Athletic Annex
Hellenistic to Roman (220 BCE – 300 CE) · Ionian Magnesians under Hermogenes
190 m stadium and palaestra 500 m east of Leukophryene Artemis temple.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Iasos Agora Temple — Kıyıköy Fishing Harbour Sanctuary
Archaic to Roman (700 BCE – 400 CE) · Karian–Ionian Iasians with Athenian attachment
Harbour hill temple atop agora overlooking double harbours and garum vats.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Hattusa
Hittite Empire (Middle Bronze Age to Late Bronze) · Hittite
Capital of Hittite Empire (1600–1180 BCE) with double walls 8 km, Lion Gate, Sphinx Gate, Great Temple and rock sanctuary Yazılıkaya with 90+ reliefs of gods. Archives of 30,000 cuneiform tablets.