🇰🇪 Kenya · Ancient city
Mtwapa Ruins — Mombasa North Bypass
Swahili (13th–15th c. CE) secondary · Swahili
Mtwapa Ruins — Mombasa North Bypass in Mombasa County, Kenya is a Swahili (13th–15th c. CE) secondary ancient-city attributed to Swahili.
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Ancient city
Q'umarkaj
Classic · Maya/Andean
Q'umarkaj — K'iche' capital with Temple of Tohil.
🇰🇪 Kenya · Ancient city
Dondo Ruins — Lamu Mainland
Swahili (14th–18th c. CE) · Swahili
Dondo Ruins — Lamu Mainland in Lamu County, Kenya is a Swahili (14th–18th c. CE) ancient-city attributed to Swahili. Mainland Swahili ruins opposite Manda Bay with walled town and Friday mosque.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Ancient city
Dhra‘ (Wadi Dhra‘)
PPNA (c.9300–8600 BCE) · Sultaniyean PPNA
PPNA village (c.9300–8600 BCE) on the Lisan Peninsula at -200 m beside the Dead Sea, excavated by Bill Finlayson. Rectan...
🇳🇪 Niger · Ancient city
Agadez & Takedda (Niger) – Air-Copper Oasis Twins
Late Medieval / Tuareg / Songhai · Tuareg (Kel Air) / Songhai tributary
Paired Saharan stations: Agadez (c.1400 Tuareg sultanate capital with 27 m mudbrick minaret) and medieval Takedda copper industrial estate (14th c, Ibn Battuta 1353: 'copper mine of Takadda') 150 km…
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Huntichmul East Complex
Terminal Classic Puuc 800–1050 CE · Maya (Puuc)
Huntichmul East Complex north of Puuc Route: 70 m long vaulted palace with Puuc junquillo columns, sacbe linking to Sayil Group 2 km west. Mapped by Pollock 1980; 8 mounds remain unexcavated.
🇪🇸 Spain · Ancient city
Rusadir
Phoenician to Late Antique (7th c. BCE–5th c. CE) · Phoenician / Punic / Roman / Mauri
Punic-Roman cape town beneath Melilla with dye vats and tophet.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Habuba Kabira
Late Uruk/Jemdet Nasr (c.3500–3000 BCE) · South Mesopotamian Uruk colonial
Classic Late Uruk colony (c.3500–3000 BCE) on the Euphrates, 18 ha walled town with tripartite temples, administrative t...
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Isinda — Lycia Upland City
Lycian Classical (500 BCE–300 BCE) · Lycian
Isinda — Lycia Upland City in Antalya Province, Turkey is a Lycian Classical (500 BCE–300 BCE) ancient-city attributed to Lycian. Walled Lycian upland city at Belenli pass with rock tombs and agora.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Abthugni
Numidian to Vandal (3rd c. BCE–5th c. CE) · Numidian / Roman / Christian
Municipium with theatre, circus and martyr basilica (303 CE).
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Sufes
Numidian to Islamic (2nd c. BCE–7th c. CE) · Numidian / Roman / Byzantine
Byzacena hilltop municipium with capitol temple and Byzantine citadel.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Fortress
Castellum Tidditanorum
Numidian to Byzantine (2nd c. BCE–7th c. CE) · Numidian / Roman (Cirtan)
Cirtan confederation castellum with 14-towered walls and oil presses.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Pelusium (Tell el-Farama / Sin) – Delta Gateway
Late Period / Graeco-Roman / Byzantine · Egyptian / Graeco-Roman
Mudbrick gateway fortress guarding Pelusiac Nile branch, scene of Cambyses 525 BCE, Antiochus battles, Pelusium lions legend and Baldwin I death 1118.
🇮🇱 Israel · Ancient city
Raqefet Cave
Late Natufian (c.15000–11800 BCE) · Natufian
Late Natufian burial cave (c.15000–11800 BCE) on Mount Carmel, excavated by Dani Nadel. Dense Natufian cemetery with dec...
🇰🇪 Kenya · Ancient city
Mambrui — Malindi North
Swahili (14th–18th c CE) · Swahili
Mambrui — Malindi North in Kilifi County, Kenya is a Swahili (14th–18th c CE) ancient-city attributed to Swahili. Swahili creek town north of Malindi with Friday mosque and tombs.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Hazna II
Ubaid to Ninevite 5 (c.5000–2800 BCE) · Ubaid → Late Chalcolithic Uruk-related → Ninevite 5
Ubaid–Late Chalcolithic tell on the Wadi Khanzir, Russian-Syrian excavations by Rauf Munchaev. Spectacular Ubaid painted...
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Erythron (Latrun)
Greek to Byzantine (6th c. BCE–7th c. CE) · Greek / Roman (Cyrenaica)
Red-soil harbour with bath-kiln and Mid Roman amphora production.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Selenkahiyeh
Jemdet Nasr to EB III (c.3100–2300 BCE) · Uruk-derived → EBA Euphrates → Akkadian sphere
Major Early Bronze I–III town (14 ha, 12 m high) on the Euphrates Tabqa bend, excavated by Mauritz van Loon. EB I–II pro...
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Zarai
Numidian to Byzantine (2nd c. BCE–7th c. CE) · Numidian / Roman
Customs station famed for 202 CE Zarai Tariff (longest Latin customs law).
🇪🇷 Eritrea · Ancient city
Adi Quala — Southern Aksumite Satellite
Aksumite (300–700 CE) · Aksumite
Adi Quala — Southern Aksumite Satellite in Debub Region, Eritrea is a Aksumite (300–700 CE) ancient-city attributed to Aksumite. Southern Aksumite town with stele field and dam.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Deir el-Ballas South Palace
Second Intermediate to New Kingdom (c. 1600–1450 BCE) · Theban Egyptian (17th–18th Dynasty)
17th Dynasty war capital south palace (80×50 m) with workmen's village 150 houses.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Arbid
Ninevite 5 to Islamic (c.3000 BCE–1200 CE; peak Akkadian–Mitanni) · Ninevite 5 → Akkadian → Khabur ware → Mitanni → Neo-Assyrian
Multi-period Jazira tell (12 ha, 15 m high) in the Khabur triangle, Polish-Syrian excavations by Piotr Bieliński. Sequen...
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Aquae Regiae
Numidian to Byzantine (2nd c. BCE–7th c. CE) · Numidian / Roman
Hot-spring road station with bath complex and Byzantine granary fort.
🇰🇪 Kenya · Ancient city
Ishakani Ruins — Tana Mouth
Swahili (13th–16th c. CE) · Swahili (Ozi secondary)
Ishakani Ruins — Tana Mouth in Tana River County, Kenya is a Swahili (13th–16th c. CE) ancient-city attributed to Swahili (Ozi secondary). Tana mouth Swahili creek town near Ozi gorge.