🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Choquequirao — Inca Eagle Nest Ridge City
Inca Imperial (1420–1536 CE; Tupac Inca Yupanqui) · Inca (Topa Inca)
Choquequirao explored by Bingham 1909 and García 1993–, llama terraces unique, Apurímac canyon 1500 m drop.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Aphrodisias North Agora Pylon — Extension
Hellenistic to Byzantine (300 BCE–600 CE) · Hellenistic–Roman (Aphrodisias)
Aphrodisias North Agora Pylon — Extension in Aydın Province, Turkey is a Hellenistic to Byzantine (300 BCE–600 CE) ancient-city attributed to Hellenistic–Roman (Aphrodisias).
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Gordion — Phrygian Outer Lower Town East
Phrygian to Persian (900–330 BCE) · Phrygian (Midas)
Gordion — Phrygian Outer Lower Town East in Ankara Province, Turkey is a Phrygian to Persian (900–330 BCE) ancient-city attributed to Phrygian (Midas).
🇹🇲 Turkmenistan · Ancient city
Parthian Fortresses of Nisa
Parthian Arsacid 3rd c BCE–3rd c CE (peak 1st c BCE–1st c CE) · Parthian / Arsacid
Parthian ceremonial and administrative capital (3rd c BCE–3rd c CE) of two tells: Old Nisa (Mithridatkert fortress 14 ha with 43 towers, wine rhytons and ivory rhytons inscribed Arsacid) and New Nisa…
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Xochicalco Archaeological Zone
Epiclassic 650–900 CE · Epiclassic central Mexican
Fortified hilltop Pyramid of Plumed Serpents, zenith cave, UNESCO 1999.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Ebla — Tell Mardikh South Palace
EBA (3500–1600 BCE archive 2500 BCE) · Eblaite
Ebla — Tell Mardikh South Palace in Idlib Governorate, plain, Syria is a EBA (3500–1600 BCE archive 2500 BCE) ancient city attributed to Eblaite culture.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Gran Pajatén Archaeological Zone
Chachapoya 800–1532 CE · Chachapoya
Chachapoya cloud-forest citadel slate-mosaic friezes, UNESCO 548.
🇮🇱 Israel · Ancient city
Hayonim Cave
Middle Palaeolithic to Chalcolithic (c.250 ka–3500 BCE) · Mousterian → Aurignacian → Kebaran → Natufian → Chalcolithic
Multi-period cave (6 m deposits) above the Hayonim terrace, excavated by Tamar Noy and Anna Belfer-Cohen. Sequence Moust...
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Tuneinir
Early Bronze to Islamic (c.3000 BCE–1400 CE; Mittani–Assyrian peak) · Early Jazira → Mittani → Neo-Assyrian → Islamic (Tunainir)
30-ha multiperiod tell at Jaghjagh–Khabur confluence with EB–Islamic continuity, Mittani–Assyrian town and casemate wall by magnetometry (Lyonnet). Nodal market...
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Yayahuala Compound — Teotihuacan
Classic Teotihuacan (300–550 CE) · Teotihuacan
Yayahuala Compound — Teotihuacan in Mexico State, Mexico is a Classic Teotihuacan (300–550 CE) ancient-city attributed to Teotihuacan.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Heraion of Samos – Sacred Harbour Mole of the Samian Hera
Archaic to Roman (600 BCE – 5th c. CE) · Samian Greek / Ionian
Verified – Samos Heraion sacred mole 480 m at 2 m off Ireon, Hera sanctuary harbour. Polycrates 530 BCE mole, Herodotus 3.60 Samian harbour wonders. Excavated Kyrieleis 1960s German.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Ephesus (Efes)
Ionian to Byzantine · Ionian Greek / Roman
Ephesus (Efes) in Izmir Province, Turkey is a Ionian to Byzantine ancient city attributed to Ionian Greek / Roman culture. Inscribed UNESCO World Heritage Site (ID 1018).
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Ancient city
Birnin Kebbi
Songhai-Kebbi to Sokoto (1515–1831) · Kebbi / Songhai / Fulani
Kebbi Empire capital (1515) with 9 km walls and Kanta palace mound.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Chan Chan Citadel Uhle
Chimu (900-1470 CE) · Chimu
Chan Chan Citadel Uhle in La Libertad, Peru is a Chimu (900-1470 CE) ancient-city.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Sala Colonia (Chellah – Rabat)
Roman / Merinid · Roman / Berber
Roman frontier city at sea, southernmost colonia of Tingitana. Hadrianic walls, capitol, nymphaeum and Merinid necropolis reusing gate.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Zama Regia (Siliana) – Battle Plain & Town
Numidian to Roman (3rd c BCE – 5th c CE) · Numidian / Roman
Applicant for royal Zama where Scipio defeated Hannibal 202 BCE on adjacent plain (battlefield scatter 5 km). Royal town with temple podium, walls and Byzantine fort shows Numidian...
🇧🇷 Brazil · Ancient city
Kuhikugu — Eastern Lake Dourada Causeway Cluster K15
Xinguano 800–1600 CE (late pre-Columbian Amazon) · Xinguano (Arawak, ancestral Kuikuro)
Eastern Kuhikugu causeway-plaza K15 — 220 m plaza with 20 m causeways linking to fish weir, 2.8 km east of X11.
🇲🇩 Moldova · Ancient city
Orheiul Vechi Cave Monastery and Geto-Dacian Fortress
Iron Age Geto-Dacian (5th–1st c. BCE) + Medieval Tatar Golden Horde Shehr al-Jadid 14th c. + cave monastery 13th–18th c. · Geto-Dacians, Golden Horde, Moldovan monks
Orheiul Vechi Cave Monastery and Geto-Dacian Fortress in Orhei District, Trebujeni–Butuceni, Răut river loop cliffs, Moldova is a Iron Age Geto-Dacian (5th–1st c.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Submerged site
Suakin – Coral Island Port of the Red Sea
Medieval to Modern (c. 8th – 1922 CE) · Beja / Hadhrami Arab / Ottoman Egyptian
Former African Red Sea capital built entirely of coral rag — 19th-century houses collapsing into lagoon fringing reef.
🇨🇾 Cyprus · Submerged site
Amathus Harbour – Ancient Amathous Naval Basin, Cyprus
Hellenistic to Byzantine (312 BCE – 1191 CE) · Cypriot-Greek / Ptolemaic / Roman
312–294 BCE outer harbour of Amathus city-kingdom preserved as three rubble moles at −4 m — Cyprus's first underwater archaeological park off Agios Tychonas.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Phanagoria — Central Lower Town Submerged Insulae (Taman Bay Centre)
Archaic to Late Antique (543 BCE – 600 CE) · Ionian Greek / Bosporan Kingdom
Central harbour insulae of Phanagoria in Taman Bay centre — orthogonal streets and 90 m embankment at –2 to –3 m.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Sais – Buried Saite Capital Harbour at Sa el-Hagar
Early Dynastic to Late Antique (3500 BCE – 400 CE) · Egyptian Saite / Persian / Greek mercenary / Ptolemaic
Saite 26th Dyn capital 664 BCE — Neith enclosure 700x600 m with walls 20 m thick and harbour 600x300 m now sebkha at +2 m under 8 m silt.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Myos Hormos — Central Wadi Silted Harbour (Quseir al-Qadim Central)
Hellenistic to Late Antique (274 BCE – 250 CE) · Ptolemaic / Roman
Central basin of Myos Hormos at Quseir al-Qadim — 90 m coral quay at –1.2 m and 120 m silted lagoon.