🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Khuera — Südstadt (South Town)
EBA to Late Roman (3100 BCE–400 CE; peak EBA 2700 BCE) · EBA Jazira (Khabur zone) → Amorite → Roman
EBA rounded-town south annex 2700 BCE — palace F quarter and Roman overlay.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Ancient city
Qasr Burquʿ
Late Roman/Byzantine to Umayyad · Roman/Byzantine → Umayyad Arab
Black basalt desert castle (qasr) on the shores of seasonal Burqu Lake and Roman strata — possibly Byzantine Valentinian outpost incorporated into Umayyad qusur (~700 CE) — isolated in Harra basalt…
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Ancient city
Shortugai
Mature Harappan (c.2500–1800 BCE) · Harappan colony (Indus diaspora on Oxus)
Northernmost Harappan colony on Oxus (Darqad) — lapis procurement hub 250 km from Badakhshan mines.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Kanmer (Bakarkot)
Early to Late Harappan (c.3000–1700 BCE, five phases) · Harappan (Sindhi–Kachchhi)
Harappan island fort Bakarkot in eastern Kachchh — five-phase Harappan–medieval citadel.
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Ancient city
Kurganzol Fortress
Hellenistic Greco-Bactrian (c.3rd–2nd cent BCE) · Greco-Bactrian
Greco-Bactrian hilltop watch-post visually linked to Uzundara — frontier limes above Kugitang valley.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Teotenango
Epiclassic–Postclassic 900–1521 CE · Matlatzinca (Otomanguean)
Volcano-plug fortified Matlatzinca capital with 2 km perimeter wall, jaguar relief and Aztec barracks 1474.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Alişar Höyük Lower Terrace
Chalcolithic to Byzantine (4000 BCE–1200 CE; peak EBA–Phrygian) · EBA → Hittite → Phrygian → Lydian → Byzantine
Central Anatolian plateau capital lower town — Hittite karum to Phrygian burn.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Hydraulic works
Ceys Channel — Jerash (Gerasa) Hadrianic Water Conduit
Roman Hadrianic (129 – 130 CE) with Byzantine reuse · Roman Gerasene Gerasa Decapolis under Hadrian
9 km Hadrianic Ceys Channel 130 CE to Gerasa reservoir above Cardo at 610 m.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Thala (Plateau Fortress)
Numidian to Byzantine (2nd c. BCE–7th c. CE) · Numidian / Roman / Byzantine
High-plateau Jugurthine citadel (1,017 m) with Byzantine pentagon fort.
🇹🇭 Thailand · Temple complex
Prasat Muang Singh
Khmer Bayon (late 12th–early 13th century CE, Jayavarman VII) · Khmer (westernmost Khmer outpost)
Westernmost Khmer laterite sanctuary (late 12th cent, Jayavarman VII) — 'City of Lions' on Khwae Noi 43 km west of Kanchanaburi.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Aquae Calidae (Hammam Righa)
Roman (Augustan to Byzantine, 27 BCE–7th c. CE) · Mauretanian / Roman
Sulphur spa city with 8-pool bath complex and mansio hotel.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Iasos Agora Temple — Kıyıköy Fishing Harbour Sanctuary
Archaic to Roman (700 BCE – 400 CE) · Karian–Ionian Iasians with Athenian attachment
Harbour hill temple atop agora overlooking double harbours and garum vats.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Labraunda Zeus Temple — Karian Sanctuary of Zeus Labraundos
Hekatomnid to Roman (351 BCE – 300 CE) · Hekatomnid Karian to Roman Mylasa
Mountain Zeus sanctuary 680 m with Maussollian androns on sacred way from Milas.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Tamuda (Tetouan)
Mauretanian to Late Roman (2nd c BCE–5th c CE; peak 1st–3rd c CE) · Mauri / Phoenician / Roman
Moorish–Roman Tamuda at Tetouan with Punic fort and garum factories destroyed AD 40.
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Ancient city
Mundigak
Chalcolithic to Bronze Age (c.4000–2000 BCE, Helmand Culture) · Helmand / Mundigak–Shahr-i Sokhta
Helmand Culture capital 55 km NW of Kandahar — 75×32 m Bronze Age palace with 10 m sequence.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Fortress
Katsina Hillfort of Dutsin Ma
Medieval Hausa to Sokoto period (13th–19th c. CE) · Hausa (Katsina)
Granite inselberg hillfort south of Katsina with rock gongs.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Samsat Höyük (Samosata)
Chalcolithic to Ottoman (peak Neo-Hittite to Roman) · Kura-Araxes → Neo-Hittite → Achaemenid → Commagenean → Roman
Capital mound of Commagene (Samosata) on a Euphrates meander, now island in Atatürk Reservoir. Pre-dam excavations revea...
🇪🇬 Egypt · Hydraulic works
Sadd el-Kafara South Embankment — Wadi Garawi Secondary Dam Wing
Old Kingdom Early Dynastic–3rd Dynasty (2700 – 2600 BCE) · Egyptian Old Kingdom (Sneferu–Djoser period)
South wing of oldest masonry dam 2650 BCE 113 m long unfinished collapse in Wadi Garawi.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Didyma Eastern Temenos — Apollo Temple Sacred Precinct
Archaic to Roman (600 BCE – 250 CE) · Milesian Greek to Hellenistic Seleucid to Roman
Eastern hypaethral adyton with sacred spring and stadium of Branchidae oracle.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Heraclea at Latmus Athena Temple — Endymion Mountain City Sanctuary
Hellenistic (300–150 BCE) foundation over Archaic · Hellenistic Lysimachan Heracleans with Karian memory
Athena peripteros 6×11 on cyclopean walled acropolis above Bafa Lake Endymion heroon.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Karanpura
Early to Mature Harappan (c.3300–1900 BCE) · Harappan
Drishadvati Harappan town 60 km west of Hisar — fortified Early Harappan to planned Mature grid.
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Ancient city
Yaxnohcah
Middle Preclassic to Late Classic 1000 BCE–950 CE, Mirador Basin fluorescence · Maya (Mirador Basin Preclassic)
Huge Preclassic center on basin SE ridge 15 km N of Calakmul: massive E-Group (355 m platform) aligning equinox sunrise, Triadic Structure A 30 m pyramid, and Late Classic intrusive occupation after…
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Ancient city
Afrosiab (Afrasiyab)
Achaemenid to Mongol (c.500 BCE–1220 CE, Sogdian peak 6th–8th cent CE) · Sogdian / Kushan / Islamic
Ancient Samarkand (Maracanda) — 220 ha Sogdian walled plateau with 7th-century Afrasiab murals of Eurasian envoys.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Fortress
Castellum Dimmidi (El Hadjira Outpost)
Roman (198–260 CE) · Roman (Numidia, Severan frontier)
Southernmost Roman desert burgus near El Hadjira with Palmyrene ostraca.