🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Xlapak South Group
Terminal Classic Puuc 800–1000 CE · Maya (Puuc)
Free-access Puuc site at Km Xlapak 20.17N -89.60W between Sayil (4 km west) and Labná (3 km east) within Puuc Hills valley.
🇬🇷 Greece · Ancient city
Akrai — Colony of Syracuse
Archaic–Hellenistic (664 BCE) · Syracusan Greek
Akrai — Colony of Syracuse in Sicily, Greece is a Archaic–Hellenistic (664 BCE) ancient-city attributed to Syracusan Greek.
🇵🇪 Peru · Pyramid
Caral Pyramids
Early Horizon · Andean
Norte Chico pyramids at Caral (3000–1800 BCE) 6 monumental platforms 18–28 m high, Pirámide Mayor 153×109 m, oldest city in Americas UNESCO.
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Ancient city
Cival
Middle Preclassic 900 BCE–300 BCE to Late Preclassic 300 BCE–250 CE · Maya (Holmul region Preclassic)
Early Holmul River city 40 km E of Tikal: North Acropolis Triadic Group I with colossal stucco masks (200 BCE) and 335 m E-Group, extensively excavated by Estrada-Belli Vanderbilt-BU.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Harran — First Islamic University Excavation Trench
Eblaite to Ottoman; University 8th–12th c. CE · Umayyad / Abbasid (Harran School)
Plain city excavated by Lloyd & Brice 1951–56 and recent Harran University, birthplace of al-Battani, Sabian moon temple underlying.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Ancient city
Sirkap — Taxila Greek Street South Extension
Indo-Greek–Kushan (180 BCE–200 CE) · Indo-Greek (Demetrius) then Kushan
Sirkap — Taxila Greek Street South Extension in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan is a Indo-Greek–Kushan (180 BCE–200 CE) ancient-city attributed to Indo-Greek (Demetrius) then Kushan.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Al-Rawda — Steppe Kite Walled Town
Early Bronze IV (2400–2000 BCE) · Inner Syria EBA
Al-Rawda — Steppe Kite Walled Town in Hama Governorate, Syrian desert steppe, Syria is a Early Bronze IV (2400–2000 BCE) ancient city attributed to Inner Syria EBA culture.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Kashkashok
Ubaid–Early Jezirah III (c.5000–2300 BCE) · Ubaid → Ninevite-5
Trilogy Kashkashok I–III on Jaghjagh mid-reach: Ubaid hut with Samarra pre-contact, Late Chalcolithic double-temple mound, and ED II dense granaries with Halaf-to-Ninevite transition; Matsutani &…
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Ancient city
Toprak-Kala — Khorezm Palace of Artaxerxes
Kushan–Khorezm (1st–3rd c. CE) · Khorezmian (Artav)
Toprak-Kala — Khorezm Palace of Artaxerxes in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan is a Kushan–Khorezm (1st–3rd c. CE) ancient-city attributed to Khorezmian (Artav).
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
El Brujo — Cao Viejo Extension
Early Intermediate to Wari (200 BCE–800 CE) · Moche V to Wari
El Brujo — Cao Viejo Extension in La Libertad Region, Peru is a Early Intermediate to Wari (200 BCE–800 CE) ancient-city attributed to Moche V to Wari.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Ancient city
Gadara — Umm Qais
Hellenistic to Ottoman (300 BCE–1600 CE) · Hellenistic / Roman Decapolis (Menippos poet)
Gadara — Umm Qais in Yarmuk Gorge, Jordan is a Hellenistic to Ottoman (300 BCE–1600 CE) ancient-city attributed to Hellenistic / Roman Decapolis (Menippos poet).
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Hadrianopolis (Driana) North Extramural Dunes
Roman to Byzantine (2nd–7th c. CE) · Roman (Cyrenaica)
Dune suburb of Hadrianopolis with fish vats and submerged mole.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Ancient city
Harappa
Harappan (3300–1300 BCE; mature 2600–1900) · Indus Valley
Type-site of Harappan civilization, walled city on Ravi with citadel, granaries, bead workshops and early example of town planning succeeding pre-Harappan Ravi phase.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Fortress
Gobir Citadel of Gidan Sabon Birni
Sokoto period (19th c. CE; Gobir resistance) · Hausa (Gobir)
Late Gobir fortified birni (4.2 km) after 1808 fall of Al Kalawa.
🇱🇧 Lebanon · Ancient city
Tyre — Al-Mina Phoenician Port
Phoenician to Roman (2750 BCE–300 CE) · Phoenician
Tyre — Al-Mina Phoenician Port in South Governorate, Phoenician coast, Lebanon is a Phoenician to Roman (2750 BCE–300 CE) ancient city attributed to Phoenician culture.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Fortress
Castellum Tingitanum (El Asnam / Chlef)
Roman (1st–7th c CE) · Roman (Mauretania Caesariensis)
Cheliff valley fortified village with Donatist basilica, inscription of martyrdom 304 CE, and earthquake-prone castellum walls.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Sesebi — Akhenaten's Nubian City
New Kingdom (1390–1070 BCE) · Egyptian New Kingdom
Sesebi — Akhenaten's Nubian City in Northern State, Sudan is a New Kingdom (1390–1070 BCE) ancient-city attributed to Egyptian New Kingdom.
🇮🇳 India · Hydraulic works
Kallanai South Sluice — Grand Anicut Vennar Distributary Head
Chola Early historic to Medieval (100 – 1030 CE) · Tamil Chola hydraulic statecraft
South Vennar regulator of 2nd-c Chola anicut with Rajendra I inscriptions 1012 CE.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Halieis – Submerged Classical Harbour at Porto Cheli (Tiryns Port)
Classical to Hellenistic (5th–3rd BCE harbour) · Classical Greek / Halieian
Verified – Halieis Porto Cheli Classical harbour 5 m down, Tiryns Mycenaean port successor. American School Halieis 1965 Jameson excavated submerged town walls, mole 150 m at 4–6 m due to Argolic…
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Mayapan
Late Postclassic (Mayapan) · Maya (Yucatán)
Mayapan — walled last Maya capital 1220–1440.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Stratonikeia — Lagina Sanctuary Road
Hellenistic–Roman (300 BCE–200 CE) · Seleucid Stratonikeia
Stratonikeia — Lagina Sanctuary Road in Muğla Province, Turkey is a Hellenistic–Roman (300 BCE–200 CE) ancient-city attributed to Seleucid Stratonikeia.
🇬🇷 Greece · Ancient city
Kamarina — Sicilian Colony
Archaic to Roman (598 BCE–853 CE) · Syracusan Greek
Kamarina — Sicilian Colony in Sicily, Greece is a Archaic to Roman (598 BCE–853 CE) ancient-city attributed to Syracusan Greek.
🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient city
Persepolis
Achaemenid · Persian Achaemenid
Ceremonial capital of Achaemenid Empire (515–330 BCE) with Apadana, Throne Hall, Treasury on terrace with relief of tribute bearers. Burned by Alexander 330 BCE, preserved by burial.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
El Tigre (Itzamkanac) Archaeological Zone
Maya Classic and Chontal Postclassic · Maya (Chontal Acalan)
Chontal capital pyramid 25 m, Cuauhtémoc execution 1525.