🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Xanthos — Nereid Monument Terrace
Archaic Lycian (550–500 BCE) to Byzantine · Lycian (Xanthian dynasts) → Persian
Kınık Lycia excavated by Demargne 1950–, Harpy Tomb reliefs (British Museum) and bilingual Lycian-Greek stele.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Labná Archaeological Zone
Maya Late Classic 700–1000 CE · Maya (Puuc)
Labná Arch 3 m, 67-room Palace, Puuc 800–1000 CE.
🇮🇳 India · Hydraulic works
Dholavira — Eastern Reservoir Rock-Cut Complex
Harappan (2650–2000 BCE) · Harappan Dholavira
Kutch Dholavira excavated by Bisht 1989–, signboard 10 Indus signs and stadium 300 m.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Buried city
Troy (Hisarlik)
Early Bronze Age to Byzantine (Troy I c.3000 BCE – Troy IX 85 CE–500 CE) · Anatolian / Mycenaean-associated / Greek / Roman
Mound of Hisarlik with 9 settlement layers Troy I–IX (3000 BCE–500 CE) plus Homeric epic city Troy VI/VII.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Chan Chan
Chimú · Chimú (Chanchan)
Largest adobe city in world: capital of Chimú Kingdom (850–1470) covering 20 km² with 10 walled citadels (ciudadelas) with friezes of pelicans and lattice, reservoirs, adobe walls.
🇮🇱 Israel · Hydraulic works
Gihon Spring and Warren's Shaft (City of David water system, Jerusalem)
Middle Bronze II to Iron Age IIA–B (1800–580 BCE) · Canaanite (Middle Bronze) → Jebusite / Israelite–Judite
Jerusalem's 1800 BCE–701 BCE fortified perennial spring and karst shaft — 1,500-year water-security evolution.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Temple of Zeus at Aizanoi
Roman Imperial (High Empire) · Roman Phrygia (Aezanitai polis under Rome)
Hadrianic Ionic pseudodipteral 9×15 with intact vaulted cryptoporticus, Phrygian Roman gem.
🇱🇰 Sri Lanka · Hydraulic works
Abhaya Wewa (Abhayavapi) — Anuradhapura Ancient Reservoir
Anuradhapura period (400 BCE – 10th c. CE) · Anuradhapura Sinhalese (Sinhala hydraulic civilisation)
400 BCE 350-ha 3.8 Mm³ tank with Bisokotuwa sluice — world's earliest valve 3rd c. BCE.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Mari Palace Western Annex Drain — Eastern Outlier
Early Bronze Age (2900-1750 BCE) · Mari Culture
Mari Palace Western Annex Drain — Eastern Outlier in Deir ez-Zor, Tell Hariri, Syria is a Early Bronze Age (2900-1750 BCE) ancient city attributed to Mari Culture.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Mari Palace Western Annex Drain — Northern Annex
Early Bronze Age (2900-1750 BCE) · Mari Culture
Mari Palace Western Annex Drain — Northern Annex in Deir ez-Zor, Tell Hariri, Syria is a Early Bronze Age (2900-1750 BCE) ancient city attributed to Mari Culture.
🇿🇦 South Africa · Ancient city
Mapungubwe Hill Summit Enclosure South Annex — Northern Annex
Medieval (1075-1220 CE) · Mapungubwe
Mapungubwe Hill Summit Enclosure South Annex — Northern Annex in Limpopo, Musina, South Africa is a Medieval (1075-1220 CE) ancient city attributed to Mapungubwe.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Ancient city
Uruk Anu Ziggurat Terrace North Annex — Eastern Outlier
Late Chalcolithic (4000-3100 BCE) · Uruk Period
Uruk Anu Ziggurat Terrace North Annex — Eastern Outlier in Al Muthanna, Warka, Iraq is a Late Chalcolithic (4000-3100 BCE) ancient city attributed to Uruk Period.
🇿🇼 Zimbabwe · Ancient city
Great Zimbabwe Hill Complex Terrace Annex South — Eastern Outlier
Medieval (1100-1500 CE) · Zimbabwe Culture
Great Zimbabwe Hill Complex Terrace Annex South — Eastern Outlier in Masvingo, Zimbabwe is a Medieval (1100-1500 CE) ancient city attributed to Zimbabwe Culture.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Ancient city
Harappa Mound F Granary Annex — Northern Annex
Harappan Mature (2600-1900 BCE) · Harappan
Harappa Mound F Granary Annex — Northern Annex in Punjab, Sahiwal, Pakistan is a Harappan Mature (2600-1900 BCE) ancient city attributed to Harappan.
🇺🇸 United States · Ancient city
Canyon de Chelly White House South Ledge
Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) · Bronze Age
Canyon de Chelly White House South Ledge in Arizona, Chinle, United States is a Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) ancient city attributed to Bronze Age.
🇸🇪 Sweden · Ancient city
Birka
Viking Age Scandinavian 750–975 (8th–10th c) · Scandinavian Viking Age (Svear) — Svear–Gotlandic emporium
Birka (Björkö) — Scandinavian Viking Age emporium (c.750–975 CE) on Björkö island in Lake Mälaren, 30 km west Stockholm, Sweden's oldest town and UNESCO 555 (with Hovgården Adelsö estate).
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Yagul Fortified Hill Acropolis
Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) · Bronze Age
Yagul Fortified Hill Acropolis in Oaxaca, Yagul, Mexico is a Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) ancient city attributed to Bronze Age.
🇵🇸 Palestine · Ancient city
Qumran Cave 4 Scriptorium Bench
Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) · Bronze Age
Qumran Cave 4 Scriptorium Bench in Jericho, Palestine is a Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) ancient city attributed to Bronze Age.
🇱🇹 Lithuania · Ancient city
Vilnius Lower Castle and Cathedral Square
Middle Ages to Early Modern (13th–18th c. with 5th c. hillfort substratum) · Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Vilnius Lower Castle and Cathedral Square in Vilnius County, Vilnius Old Town, Gediminas Hill foot, Lithuania is a Middle Ages to Early Modern (13th–18th c. with 5th c.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Kerkouane
Punic (Carthaginian) 6th–3rd c BCE · Carthaginian (Phoenician diaspora)
Only surviving pure Punic town, abandoned c.256 BCE with intact street grid, peristyle houses and purple-dye works.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Tipasa
Phoenician / Roman / Early Christian · Phoenician / Roman / Christian
Phoenician-Roman-Christian cape town with Great 7-aisle basilica (largest in Africa) and St Salsa martyrion.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Palenque
Late Classic 226 BCE–800 CE (apogee 615–800 CE Early–Late Classic) · Maya (B'aakal / Palenque dynasty; Western Maya lowlands)
Maya Classic capital of B'aakal on Chiapas foothills with low jungle: Temple of Inscriptions (22 m pyramid with 69-step Hieroglyphic Stair recording dynastic history and Pakal's vault; Pakal the…
🇩🇪 Germany · Ancient city
Hedeby–Haithabu Viking Emporium
Viking Age (early 8th century–1066 CE) · Danish Viking Age / Frankish border
UNESCO Archaeological Border Complex of Hedeby and Danevirke (2018) at the head of the Schlei inlet — the largest Viking Age town in Scandinavia, semi-circular 27 ha rampart enclosing plot-divided…
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Djémila (Cuicul)
Roman (Trajanic to Byzantine; peak Severan 2nd–3rd c) · Roman / Berber / Christian
Mountain Roman ridge town at 900 m with Arch of Caracalla, Severan baths and finest polychrome mosaics.