🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Euromos Temple of Zeus Lepsynos
Archaic to Roman (Carian to Imperial) · Carian, Hellenistic, Roman
Selimiye plain Corinthian Zeus Lepsynos 2nd CE with 16 standing columns, best in Anatolia, 12 km NW Milas.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Viracochapampa
Middle Horizon (c.600–800 CE) · Wari (Huari)
Viracochapampa (Quechua Wiraqucha god + pampa plain) is a vast unfinished Wari grid-city 3.5 km north of Huamachuco in the La Libertad highlands at 3,070 m.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Submerged site
Amastris – Double Harbour of Paphlagonia, Amasra
Hellenistic to Ottoman (300 BCE – 1923 CE) · Persian / Ionian Greek / Pontic / Roman / Genoese
Persian princess city 300 BCE — double bays Büyük and Küçük Liman divided by islet with 90 m mole at −2 m.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Soknopaiou Nesos — Northern Lagoon Harbour at Dime (Lake Moeris North)
Ptolemaic to Roman (270 BCE – 230 CE) · Greco-Roman Fayum / Sobek cult
Northern lagoon harbour of Soknopaiou Nesos at Dime — 60 m quay at –3 m and 200 m crocodile causeway behind evaporite flats.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Soknopaiou Nesos — Northern Lagoon Harbour at Dime (Lake Moeris North) — v2
Ptolemaic to Roman (270 BCE – 230 CE) · Greco-Roman Fayum / Sobek cult
Northern lagoon harbour of Soknopaiou Nesos at Dime — 60 m quay at –3 m and 200 m crocodile causeway behind evaporite flats.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Cantona
Epiclassic to Early Postclassic 600–1100 CE (peak 600–950 CE, Teotihuacan–Tula interstice) · Unclassified central Mexican (earlier linked to early Nahua/Chichimeca? distinctive not Teotihuacan nor Toltec)
Largest pre-Hispanic city on Mexican highlands by area and most elaborate urban fortification: 12 km² (1,215 ha) city on 500 m-wavy basaltic lava field (malpaís) with 7,500+ patios, 24 ballcourts…
🇨🇳 China · Ancient city
Chengtoushan
Daxi (5500–3300) → Qujialing → Shijiahe 5500–2300 BCE · Daxi → Qujialing → Shijiahe (Middle Yangzi walled cities)
Earliest walled rice city in China (c.5500–3000 BCE) at Chengtoushan plateau on the Liyang Plain near Li County — 8 ha fortified town with 3 m rammed-earth wall 800 m diameter and outer moat,…
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Gilund
Ahar-Banas Chalcolithic 3000–1700 BCE (Early/Mature/Late) · Ahar-Banas (Mewar Chalcolithic) → contact Harappan
Largest Ahar-Banas Chalcolithic settlement (c.3000–1700 BCE) on the Banas River floodplain in Rajsamand, Mewar — twin mounds (Modiya Magari, 14 ha and western mound 4 ha) excavated 1999–2005 by V.S.
🇮🇹 Italy · Submerged site
Helorus – Submerged Quay of the Sicilian Greek Port
Archaic to Late Antique (700 BCE – 400 CE) · Greek Syracusan / Roman
Syracusan colony 700 BCE — 120 m submerged ashlar quay at −3 m on the Tellaro mouth where Athenians landed in 413 BCE.
🇱🇰 Sri Lanka · Hydraulic works
Abhaya Wewa (Abhayavapi) — Anuradhapura Ancient Reservoir
Anuradhapura period (400 BCE – 10th c. CE) · Anuradhapura Sinhalese (Sinhala hydraulic civilisation)
400 BCE 350-ha 3.8 Mm³ tank with Bisokotuwa sluice — world's earliest valve 3rd c. BCE.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Fewkes Mounds
Middle Mississippian (c.1000–1450 CE) – Thruston phase Middle Cumberland · Mississippian (Middle Cumberland culture)
The Fewkes Group (Boiling Springs, 40Wm1) is a fortified Middle Mississippian town on the Harpeth River near Brentwood, Tennessee, at 210 m.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Akoris — Second Terrace Harbour at Tihna el-Gabal South (Nile Cliff South)
Old Kingdom to Byzantine (2700 BCE – 700 CE) · Pharaonic / Roman Egyptian
Southern terrace Nile harbour of Akoris at Tihna — 50 m quay revetment and tomb forecourt quay.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Submerged site
Heraclea Pontica – Megarian Black Sea Harbour at Karadeniz Ereğli
Archaic to Ottoman (560 BCE – 1923 CE) · Megarian / Boeotian / Pontic Greek / Roman / Genoese
Megarian coal port 560 BCE — 110 m ashlar mole at −2 m off Ereğli with Heracles Acherusian cave above harbour where triremes wintered.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Menouthis – Submerged Canopic City of Isis
Late Pharaonic to Late Byzantine (380 BCE – 8th c. CE) · Egyptian-Greek / Greco-Roman / Byzantine
Canopic Isis oracle town adjoining Heracleion — sanctuary and quays 5–8 m down in Abu Qir Bay.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Submerged site
Nymphaion — Northern Vineyard Terrace Submerged Harbour (Eltegen North)
Archaic to Late Antique (580 BCE – 300 CE) · Samian / Ionian Greek / Bosporan
Northern wine harbour of Nymphaion at Eltegen — 80 m quay at –1.8 m and vineyard terrace at –1.5 m.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Kepoi — Eastern Submerged Necropolis and Offshore Grave Terrace (Taman East)
Archaic to Late Antique (580 BCE – 300 CE) · Milesian Greek / Bosporan / Sarmatian
Eastern necropolis terrace of Kepoi in Taman Gulf east — 90 cist graves at –2 m and 60 m wall.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Avaris – Hyksos Harbour Capital at Tell el-Dab'a
Middle Kingdom to New Kingdom (1780–1100 BCE) · Egyptian / Hyksos Canaanite / Minoan / Ramesside
Hyksos capital 1650 BCE — Pelusiac harbour 500x300 m for 300 ships with Minoan bull-leaping fresco palace, silted 4 m.
🇱🇻 Latvia · Ancient city
Grobin (Grobiņa) Viking Age Scandinavian Settlement
Early Middle Ages (650–850 CE) · Swedish Gotlandic and Danish Vikings + Curonians
Grobin (Grobiņa) Viking Age Scandinavian Settlement in Kurzeme, Grobiņa town and surroundings, Latvia is a Early Middle Ages (650–850 CE) Swedish Gotlandic and Danish Vikings + Curonians site built c.
🇵🇸 Palestine · Hydraulic works
Hezekiah's Tunnel (Siloam Tunnel) and Siloam Pool
Iron Age II (Judahite Kingdom, late 8th c. BCE) · Judahite Israelite (Hezekian Jerusalem)
Biblical 533-m S-tunnel 701 BCE two teams meet with 90 cm offset for Assyrian siege.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Quiahuiztlan
Postclassic (c.1200–1519 CE) Totonac – Aztec contested · Totonac
Quiahuiztlan crowns the dramatic Cerro del Bernal ridge above Villa Rica–La Antigua, north of Veracruz city.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Submerged site
Akra — Eastern Breakwater Spur at Naberezhne (Cimmerian Bosporus East)
Archaic to Late Antique (575 BCE – 500 CE) · Milesian / Bosporan
Eastern harbour arm of Akra at Naberezhne — 45 m breakwater spur at –3.5 m.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Buried city
Andriake – Silk Road Harbour of Myra, Lycia
Classical to Byzantine (400 BCE – 800 CE) · Lycian / Greek / Roman / Jewish / Christian
Myra's sea-gate where St Paul changed ships — Hadrian Plakoma granary beside 350 m basin now 2.5 km inland from delta silt.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Bakchias — Kom el-Atl Eastern Buried Settlement (Fayum Central-East)
Ptolemaic to Roman (300 BCE – 400 CE) · Ptolemaic Greek / Roman Egyptian
Eastern vineyard sector of Bakchias at Kom el-Atl — 280 m estate wall and canal at –2.5 m.
🇨🇿 Czech Republic · Ancient city
Mikulčice-Valy Great Moravian Agglomeration
Early Middle Ages (6th c. settlement; Great Moravian 830–907) · Great Moravia (capital hypothesis)
Mikulčice-Valy Great Moravian Agglomeration in South Moravia, Hodonín District, Mikulčice, Morava floodplain, Czech Republic is a Early Middle Ages (6th c.